体外检材（Specimeninvivo.ppt

思考题： 麻醉抢劫案发生后，不知道具体药物类型，针对送检的药物粉末，怎样设计检材的具体处理方法? After anesthesia robbery happened, dont know the specific drug types. According to submitted drug powder, how to design a specific treatment method of specimen? 愿与大家携手，走向成功的彼岸…… * * （二）?Non-volatile?poison treatment：1. liquid-liquid extraction Distribution coefficient Many times of the mole ratio of solute in water phase after extraction ?extraction efficiency method of extraction Transferring solute from one solvent to another kind of solvent in the process 分配比（distribution coefficient） 当溶质在互不相溶的两种溶剂中溶解分配达到平衡时，两相中该溶质的浓度比称之为分配比（distribution coefficient），以D表示 。 可以将分配比看作是在一定温度范围内的一个常数。 Distribution coefficient When the solute dissolved in the mutual combination of two kinds of solvent distribution balance, concentration ratio of the solute in two phase called the distribution coefficient，abbreviated as a D. Note: Distribution ratio can be regarded as a constant in a certain temperature range. Distribution coefficient C0为有机相中该溶质的浓度 CA为水相中该溶质的浓度 W0为两相中溶质的总量 W1为一次萃取后水相中的溶质留存量 V0为有机溶剂的体积 VA为水的体积 CA D= = C0 (W0－W1)/V0 W1/VA 分配比（distribution coefficient） C0: the solute concentration in the organic phase CA : the solute concentration in the water phase W0 :the solute of amount in both two phases W1:the amount?of?solute residue in water phase after extraction V0 :the volume of organic solvent VA :the volume of water CA D= = C0 (W0－W1)/V0 W1/VA 第n次萃取后水相中的溶质的量 以W1表示一次萃取后水相中留存溶质的量，整理分配比公式可得： W1 ＝ W0 × VA VA + DV0 将一次萃取后含有溶质W1的水相部分，再用相同体积的有机溶剂作第二次萃取，则第二次萃取后水相中留存的溶质W2为： VA W2 ＝ W0 × VA + DV0 ( ) 2 同样进行第n次萃取后，留存于水相中的溶质量Wn为： W n ＝ W0 × VA VA + DV0 ( ) n 萃取效率（Extraction efficiency of liquid-liquid extraction） fn ＝ 1- W n W0 ＝ 1- VA VA + DV0 ( ) n W n : n次萃取后，水相中的溶质量; W0: 两相中溶质的总量 Extraction efficiency of liquid-liquid extraction fn ＝ 1- W n W0 ＝ 1- VA VA + DV0 ( ) n W n : ?after n times extraction, the amount of solute in water phase; W0: the total amount of the solute in two phases 萃取方法 萃取方