Disenfranchised Grief in the 21st Century New 悲伤剥夺新世纪第二十一.pptx

Disenfranchised Grief in the 21st Century: New Problems, New Strategies Kenneth J. Doka, PhD Professor, The College of New Rochelle Senior Consultant, The Hospice Foundation of America Beyond Feeling Rules It is acceptable to grieve the deaths of family members Not all Losses Are Death Related A recognition that grief reactions do not necessarily entail death Secondary Losses Anticipatory Grief Transitions inevitably entail loss Disenfranchised Grief A loss that cannot be socially sanctioned, openly acknowledged or publicly mourned Disenfranchised Grief The Right to Grief The Dimensions of Disenfranchised Grief Sociological Intrapsychic (Kauffman) Political (Attig) Interactional Neimeyer Jordan “Empathic Failure” Socio-Political Dimension of Disenfranchised Grief Cultural feeling rules assign sympathy to victims considered “above reproach”. This process is influenced by class, race, and ethnicity. (Martin, 2005) Contexts of Disenfranchised Grief Relationship is not recognized Loss is not acknowledged Griever is not recognized Disenfranchised deaths Ways individuals grieve Relationship is not recognized Friend Ex-spouse Lover/partner Co-Worker Therapist/patient Caregiver Teacher/coach Celebrity Disenfranchised GriefSensitivity to Online Relationships Online Relationships Chat Room Relationships Participants in massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) The funeral of Toxik/Chris (Hensley, 2009) Loss is not acknowledged Perinatal loss Elective abortion Incarceration Job loss Infertility Family abandonment or alienation Broken relationships - divorce Loss of an animal companion Relocation Psychosocial loss Illness and anticipatory grief Developmental Losses As we age, we may experience a range of losses as we transition to another developmental period These losses can be profound as we move to later life but can even be significant as we give up childhood activities and toys to embrace the responsibilities of adolescence and emerging adulthood