Does Oil Promote Democracy Regime Change in Rentier States作油促进美国民主制度变革的食利者.ppt

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Does Oil Promote Democracy Regime Change in Rentier States作油促进美国民主制度变革的食利者.ppt

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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Measuring Caste-Based Preferences: A Field Experiment In the 160 selected villages, I then implemented a field experiment in which I manipulated the perceived caste relationship between subjects and a videotaped actor/political candidate (by changing the surname of the politician) Subjects were assigned at random to one of three conditions: Subject and politician share the same sub-caste, same larger category Subject and politician from different sub-castes but the same larger category Subject and politician are from different larger categories The identity of the actor and the text of the speech were identical across conditions (with a few caveats) I can then compare subjects’ evaluations of the politician (including vote preference) across treatments; and I can compare treatment effects across reserved and unreserved council constituencies Caste categories in Karnataka The structure of caste in Karnataka raises interesting questions about the salience of ethnic categories Two main jatis comprise the Scheduled Castes The Holaya and the Madiga are former Untouchable sub-castes (Harijans), with some history of antagonism and competition There are two dominant jatis among the Backward Castes The Vokkaliga and Lingayath sub-castes tend to dominate politics at the local and state level So what dimension of caste is most important to voters? E.g., Holaya/Madiga or Scheduled Caste? Vokkaliga/Lingayath or Backward Caste (anti-SC)? And what shapes the relative salience of these categories? Reservation: The system of rotation Reservation for lower-caste politicians of the council presidencies has been assigned as follows, starting with the 1994 elections: In each taluk (an administrative unit below the district), the number N of presidencies to be reserved for each group (Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe) is determined by each group’s population proportion in the taluk as a