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DT1410 - Materials and Processes in Design
Unit 1 - PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Sub Atomic Particles
Consist of:
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons
Located in the Nucleus of and Atom
Has a positive charge
Number of Protons is the Atomic Number
Neutrons
Located in the nucleus of an Atom
Has NO electrical charge
Number of Neutrons is usually equal to the number or protons.
Electrons
Located outside the nucleus of the atom
Housed in Electrical Clouds, Shells, Orbits
Has a negative charge
Moves around the nucleus in an orbit
Atoms have a maximum of 8 Valence Electrons and are considered to be stable
Electron Arrangement
The electrons in the outermost shell (if it is not completely full) are available for bonding
These electrons are called Valence Electrons
Bonding is the chemical combining of 2 or more atoms.
Valence
The Capacity of an atom to combine with other atoms to form a molecule.
Valence considers positive and negative charge of atoms, as determined by the gain or lose of electrons.
Bonding
The process when 2 or more atoms combine chemically is known as Bonding
The 2 we are learning today are
Ionic Bonding
Covalent Bonding
Ionic Bonding
Electrons are either gained or lost by atom
One atom is positive +, One is negative -
Occurs between Metals and Nonmetals
Metals lose electrons
Nonmetals gain electrons
Very strong bond – usually solids - with high melting temperatures
Covalent Bonding
Electrons are shared between atoms (co)
Neither atom has an electrical charge
Forces between atoms are weak – have low boiling or melting points
Usually are liquids or gasses
If a solid is usually a crystal
Metallic Bond
The metallic bond is actually a special case of an ionic bond. Think of metallic bonding as a more or less static arrangement of positive ions within a moving array of mobile electrons.
This unique arrangement of cations and electrons give metals their characteristic properties. Metallic properties include:
Heat conductivity?(mobile electrons can carry the kinetic e
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