Dynamic Systems Approach kin动态系统方法亲属.sjsu.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Spring 2010 S-R approaches (Black Box) Hierarchical models (Active Processor) Dynamic systems (Dynamic interplay among systems) Prior to the 1900’s – introspection and self report measures Turn of the century – observable only S-R tradition Bernstein’s work Interactions of brain, body, and movement World War II – Profound effects of motor control work After World War II Emphasis shifted to teaching, transfer, and retention Late 40’s Craik – Information Processing Brain – computer relationship Welford Single Channel Processing Psychological Refractoriness Poulton’s work on anticipation and prediction in the 1950’s Effector Receptor Perceptual Fitts’ Law Speed Accuracy Tradeoff (Length and width Movement time Movement extent Movement accuracy In stimulus response models the stimulus triggers a chain of individual reflex circuits that create a response. In this view is a passive recipients responding to the stimuli present in the environment and to which he or she is confronted Goal directed???? Motor programs began with the definition of a fixed set of commands that could be structured prior to movement initiation. Schmidt (1975, 1991) provided the concept of a generalized motor program (GMP). “…existence of parameters, some variant, some invariant, that are applied to the GMP in order to specify how a particular movement pattern is to be expressed. These parameters specify overall duration of a movement, the overall force need to accomplish the movement, the temporal phasing of the movement pattern and, the spatial and temporal order in which the components of the movement are to be executed” (Schmdt, p. 5) Henry Adams Schmidt Bernstein Turvey Kelso Thelen Hierarchical control mechanisms Dynamic control mechanisms A fixed program that can be run off uninterrupted by peripheral feedback. “The little man inside the head” Memory drum theory “This is because a more comprehensive program i.e., a larger amount