英美文学期末复习.doc

English poetry’s basic elements: Meter(格律), rhyme（韵律）, alliteration（头韵）, stanza（诗节） iambic tetrameter 四步抑扬格 anapestic trimester 三步抑抑扬 dactylic dimeter 两步扬抑抑 Male rhymes（阳韵）单词带有单音节 Female rhymes（阴韵） 带有多音节 forms of English poetry： ballad（歌谣）, sonnet（十四行诗） and blank verse（无韵诗） Italian sonne 意大利十四行诗 前octave(八行) 韵律abbaabba 后sestet(六行) 韵律 cdcece or cdecde. English sonnet 也叫 Shakespearean abab cdcd efef gg 1. Shakespeare 莎士比亚的 Sonnet 18 （criticized religious persecution（宗教迫害），insatiable lust for money(对金钱的贪求) bourgeois egoism（利己主义），Eulogized youth, love, friendship power of human life, worldly happiness ） In this poet, Shakespeare believes that his beloved beauty is unparalleled(无双的) and everlasting because he is represented in the poetry. 在诗的couplet 处的conclusion是：So long as human beings exist in the world, people will appreciate the poet’s beloved’s beauty described in this poem and then his beauty will be everlasting What does the poem reveal about beauty? All beautiful and nice things in the world will disappear, but the beauty in poetry can last forever. The poem reveals Shakespeare’s faith in the permanence of poetry, the lasting power of human art and the creative power of human beings. 2 William Wordsworth 华兹华斯的She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways 属于 ballad， narrative poem （in four-lined stanzas with iambic tetrameter抑扬四音部 in odd numbered lines and iambic trimeter抑扬三音部 in even numbered lines） 在这首诗中，Wordsworth用metaphor暗喻的手法先to compare the young lady to a violet紫罗兰，美得 modest and obscure谦逊。 接着，Wordsworth 用 simile明喻的手法把女孩的beauty比喻成star shining in the sky，soft mild and attractive “the difference to me” Even though Lucy’s death is unnoticed by others and makes no difference to the world, it has made a difference to her lover, who loves and values her so deeply and feels a great pain and deep grief over her death. In this poem, Lucy is a simple and natural beauty derived from her modesty girl 这首诗通过描述一个从叙事者的角度描述他爱人的美以及爱人的死对他