英译汉的技巧.doc

英译汉的技巧 要真正掌握英译汉的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难；首先是英文理解难，这是学习、使用英文者的共同感觉。由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同，一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章，而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续，极为别扭；其次是中文表达难，英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇，往往被弄得头昏眼花，好象在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。另外，英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高，因为我们所翻译的文章，其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域，而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情，如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难，所以，我们必须通过翻译实践，对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结，以找出一般的表达规律来，避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误，而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 1. 词义的选择和引伸 Diction 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义；一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法；选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手： 　　1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 001. They are as like as two peas. 002. He likes mathematics more than physics. 003. Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals. 　　2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 　　004. He is the last man to come. 　　005. He is the last person for such a job. 　　006. He should be the last man to blame. 007. This is the last place where I expected to meet you. Story 008. This war is becoming the most important story of his generation. 009. It is quite another story now. 010. Some reporters who were not included in the sessions broke the story. 011. He’ll be very happy if that story holds up. 012. The Rita Haywoth story is one of the saddest. 013. A young man came to Scott’s office with a story. 014. Last December, the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refused to confirm the story. 015. The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from the American TV. 016. Tell me the story of what happened to you. 017. The story of the opera was printed in the program. 　　词义引伸是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一。翻译时，有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死译，就会使译文生硬晦涩，不能确切表达原意，甚至会造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引伸，引伸时，往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑。 　　1、词义转译。当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，引伸转译。 018. Crisis? What crisis? We’ll emerge from this crisis even stronger. We’ve done it before. Now we are going to do it again. 019. The energy of the sun comes