英语构词法讲解及相关练习.doc

构词法 Word Formation 在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。 一、合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 (1) 合成形容词 方式 例词 1形容词＋形容词 red-hot 2形容词＋名词 first-class, full-time, part-time 3形容词＋现在分词 good-looking, free-thinking, 4形容词＋过去分词 ready-made 5形容词＋名词-ed good-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded 6名词＋名词-ed iron-willed 7名词＋形容词 world-famous, day-long 8名词＋现在分词 beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting, 9名词＋过去分词 man-made, water-covered, 10副词＋形容词 ever-green 11副词＋现在分词 hard-working, far-seeing 12副词＋过去分词 well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known 13数词＋名词 five-year 14数词＋名词+形容词 five-year-old 15数词＋名词-ed four-legged, six-storied (2)合成动词 构成方式 例词 1名词＋动词 day-dream 2副词＋动词 overcome, upturn翻起 3形容词＋动词 white-wash (3)合成名词 构成方式 例词 1名词＋名词 horseback , bank-note, newspaper, cellphone, 2形容词＋名词 back-yard, forehead, 3动名词＋名词 hiding place, reading-room 4动词＋副词 get-off, break in, 5副词＋动词 output, overflow (4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, 二、派生 Derivation 前缀 前缀 含义 例词 a- 处在…… arise, aside, alone en- 使可能 enrich, enable, enslave dis- 不，否定 dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, un- 不 做相反动作 unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclose, undress, uncover, untie in- im- ir- il- 不，非 inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impractical irregular, irresponsible illogical, non- 不，非 non existent, non-interference, non-conductor, non-stop de- 向相反方向发展 Decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻） anti- 反（对） anti-freeze, anti-fascist mis- 错误的，坏的 misdoings, misunderstand, misfortune re 重复，再 rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle, co- 共同 co-exist, co-operate, co-education ex 以前的 Ex-husband, ex-president tele 远程 telephone, telegraph, telescope super- 在上面，超级 supermarket, superpower, under- 在……之下 underline, underestimate, underground, inter- 相互，之间 international, interact, inter-change sub- 下，次 subtitle, submarine, subconsci