虚拟语气分析与综合.doc

虚拟语气分析专题 （ 第一节） ▲语气的定义 语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 ▲语气的种类： (1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 (2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令、劝告等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。 (3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测，并且这种愿望、建议等实现的可能性很少或根本不能实现时，所使用的语气就是虚拟语气。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky freely. 要是我是一只鸟,我就能自由自在地在天空飞翔。 ▲条件句分类: 真实条件句和虚拟条件句 1. 真实条件句: 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气 如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.　 A. will rain　B. rains　C. rained　D. is rained ▲虚拟条件句: 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句. 如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。) ▲条件句中的虚拟语气 1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式. 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 现在 动词过去式(be 用 were) would / should / might / could + 动词原形 将来 动词过去式(be用were) should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形 would / should / might / could + 动词原形 过去 had +动词过去分词 would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： 1. If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 2. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。 (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。 If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. 4. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.　 ▲条件虚拟语气的注意事项 ① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较： If you tried again you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果) If you tried again you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能) If you tried again you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力) ② 有时条件从句用would表示愿意： If he would live on with me, I would be his better wife. 要是他还愿意跟我过