解决城市生态环境问题的生态基础设施途径.doc

解决城市生态环境问题的生态基础设施途径 作者：俞孔坚　韩西丽　朱强　发表:《自然资源学报》2007年第22卷第5期　[评论] 摘要：对待城市生态环境问题，本研究放弃了就是论事的单一分析和工程途径，而是提出解决生态环境问题必须依靠综合、系统的途径，即：通过建立生态基础设施来整合相关的生态过程与景观结构。以山东东营市为例，本文提出从三个步骤来实现综合问题的综合解决：（1）通过德尔菲法来实现问题的综合与多目标的确定；（2）通过建立生态基础设施，来综合地解决以水为核心的多个生态环境问题，实现多个目标；（3）评价生态基础设施对解决多目标问题的作用和效益，并为修正方案提供依据。文章在区域、城市和场地三个尺度上，提出解决东营市生态环境问题的生态基础 关键词：生态环境 基础设施 途径 解决 Ecological Infrastructure As A Synthetic Solution to Urban Environment Kongjian Yu, Han Xili, Zhu Qiang 1.The Graduate School of Landscape Architecture, Peking University; Beijing 100871, China; 2. The Graduate School of Landscape Architecture, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Abstract: The speedy urbanization processes in China caused varies ecological and environmental problems, and the degradation of water associated environment is one of the biggest issues. These problems were more than often resulted from “small decisions” and single minded engineering approaches in dealing with urban environment. It is highly recommended that a multifunctional and synthetic approach is required in order to solve the ecological and environmental problems in Chinese cities. Using the city Dongying as a case, this paper proposes a three-step approach to develop synthetic solutions to the ecological and environmental problems: (1)The synthesis of problems and definition of goals using Delphi method;(2)the development of strategic landscape structures which are integrated into the ecological infrastructure, to solve the problems with the multifunctional goals; (3)impact analysis regarding the proposed ecological infrastructure. A number of landscape strategies were proposed. Key words: ecological environment; ecosystem landscape planning; ecological infrastructure; ecosystems service； wetland；Dongying city 引言 　　城市生态环境问题,特别是以水为核心的生态环境问题已成为中国城市生态安全的头号问题。以水环境为例，尽管城市发展客观上给水资源和水环境带来了压力，但是,城市水环境的恶化在很大程度上源于社会对该问题缺乏系统、全面的认识和解决途径，而是片面地、单一目标地将水系统分解，就水问题而谈水问题，将水与土地、与生命和人文过程割裂，片面依赖工程技术，机械地、单一地去解决问题，如防洪、治污、蓄水造景等等，结果使生命的水系统及其生态服务功能遭到严重破坏1，2。面对这样的问题，本