论影响大船靠泊操纵因素.doc

船舶操纵乃是一种艺术，其相关影响因素颇多，例如船型、主机功率大小、车叶形式、舵板大小及形式、载货情况、甲板受风面积以及船舶特性等； 外在影响因素如天气状况，潮汐、流、地形状况操船水域复杂性，拖轮协助情形，船舶交通服务系统状况以及操船者本身状况等。 国际航运界对于船舶操纵的安全与效率，一直是被列为重要的研究课题。优良的船舶操纵就是要兼具保障船舶安全与促进通航效率，并顾及环境保护等目的。然而影响大型船舶操纵因素聚多而且复杂，操船者往往并未特别注意到各个影响因子，在操船作业中所占重要性。 Ship manoeuvre is an art. The factors affecting it are many. For example, ship type, horse power, types of propellers, size of rudder, cargo loading, deck area facingwind, and characteristics of vessel; external factors such as weather, tide, current,geology, complexity of manoeuvring water area, tug, vessel traffic system; and ship handlers themselves. Safety and efficiency of ship manoeuvre are considered as an important research issue by the international shipping industry. Excellent ship manoeuvre aims to pursue ship operational safety and efficient sailing as well as protect environment. However, as those numerous factors are of complexity so ship handlers have not particularly noticed the importance of individual factor on ship manoeuvre. This study selected large vessels in and out the Port of Kaohsiung as research objects and applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) process to systematically evaluate and analyze the manoeuvring factors which affect the efficiency of a very large vessel’s operation. Relevant factors affecting ship manoeuvre were reviewed from literature. Then a survey questionnaire was designed in terms of four main criteria including characteristics of ship manoeuvre,geographic conditions, traffic conditions and support conditions to a ship with sub-criteria under each criterion. The results of AHP analysis and Importance-performance Analysis (IPA) reveal weight ranking and importance of factors, which provide a reference to a pilot to adopt an efficient and safe ship manoeuvring process for a large vessel calling at port. 有关大型船操船作业，可以分为船舶的本身的操纵特性与船舶与环境交互作用下的操纵特性。 在船舶特性上，大型船舶较普通船舶的操纵性能有所，： 1. 舵效差，，3-4节基本上舵效。 2. 性差，故在改向或航道需操舵。 3. 航向性差，舵，船首一但要舵上新航向。 4. 保向性能差，因L/B值、