精神障碍与中小学生厌学.docVIP

精神障碍与中小学生厌学的关系* 申自力① 刘丽琼① 崔建华② 陈力② 彭茹静① 刘宁① ① 海南师范大学心理学系 海口 571158 ② 海南省国兴中学 海口 571100 【*基金项目：海南省十.二五教育科学规划重点课题“青少年厌学与精神疾病的关系研究”，课题编号QJB12501】 摘要：精神障碍作为影响中小学生厌学的一类原因,其影响机制表现为三个方面。其一，作为精神病理损害的直接表现，厌学为某些精神障碍临床诊断标准的内容之一；其二，作为精神病理的继发损害，厌学为某些精神障碍社会功能损害的内容之一；其三，作为精神病理损害与社会污名共同作用的结果，厌学为某些精神障碍患者的不利结局之一。认识精神障碍与中小学发生厌学之间的这些因果关系对厌学现象的预防与干预意义重大。 关键词：教育心理；厌学；精神障碍；因果关系 The Relation between Mental Disorders and School-Weariness among the Middle and Primary School Students Shen zi-li① Liu li-qiong① Cui jian-hua② Chen li② Peng ru-jing① Liu ning① ① Department of Psychology, Hainan Normal University；Haikou 571158 ② The Guo-xing Middle School of Hainan Province; Haikou 571100 Abstract: there are three different causality types between school-weariness and mental disorders. Firstly, school-weariness was outcomes of Psychopathological impairment caused by some specific mental disorders, and served as one item of diagnostic criterions in those disorders. Secondly, school-weariness was a consequent outcome of Psychopathological impairment, and turned into a part of social functional impairment caused by some disorders. Thirdly, school-weariness was a product caused by the interaction of psychopathological impairment and social stigma, and became an adverse outcome of some mental disorder patients. The significance to understand clearly the causality between school-weariness and mental disorders was understood clearly, it is important for human to prevent and intervene school-weariness. Kew words: Educational Psychology; School-Weariness; Mental Disorders; Causality 精神障碍也叫心理障碍，其临床表现为认知、情感、行为和意志等精神活动不同程度青儿童常见的一种破裂性行为，临床表现之一就是患者对于与他或她年龄相适应的社会规范和道德准则违反Berg等人[8]的表述，逃学学生对学校常表现出愤怒或感到无聊，通常在父母也不知晓的情况下，未经允许而离校，或者虽然到校但不上课，且这种行为是有意的、自愿的和没有合法借口的。实际上，对患有品行障碍的青少年和儿童而言，学校的各种纪律规范不仅成为其破裂性行为的注脚，也是控制与约束其不适行为的强大外部力量，所以，逃学既是一种违抗也是一种回避与逃避。正因如此，逃学通常被认为是一种严重的厌学行为。 2 抑郁与厌学情绪 抑郁是一种常见的心境障碍，抑郁发作时，其临床核心症状表现为情绪低落、愉快感丧失、兴趣和精力减弱或丧失。 作为中小学生群体，学习是其重要的社会活动，因此，个体如果罹患抑郁，其核心症状可直接反映到学习活动上，比如学习情绪低落、学习兴趣的减低或丧失、对学习活动无愉快感。此外，