词汇学复习整理.docVIP

Chapter 1 LEXICOLOGY: Lexicology is the science of words, which is concerned with the study of vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, the origin, development, history, structure, meaning and application. In short, it is the study of the signification and application of words. Chapter 2 The history of English language History of English language can be divided into Old English (450AD-1150AD), Middle English (1150AD-1500AD), and Modern English (1500AD-present). Classification of English words English words can be divided into different groups in terms of the origin, the level of usage and the notion. By origin Native words (Anglo-Saxon/ old English) Loan words (borrowed) By level of usage: 5 categories Standard/ popular word/ common words Literary words Colloquial words Slang words Technical words By notion Content words: They have the independent lexical meaning, e.g. noun, verb, adjective, adverb. Function words: They are determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries, and grammatical signals, functional makers. Pick up the slang words and explain. Father said nix to our plan, so we couldn’t go to the museum. (nothing, no) When the buck leads, the world suffers. (money, dollars) He says he’ll be a great writer but that’s a lot of boloney; he’ll never be. (nonsense) I’ll clobber you if you don’t do what you’re told, said the angry father. (beat sb. repeatedly) I think I’m just a hick at heart. (a foolish person from the country) He thought his idea was wonderful, but in fact, it was complete rot. (nonsense) Chapter 3 Compounding: refers to the faculty and device of language to form new words by combining or putting together old words, e.g. schoolboy. Derivation: derivation is Used to form new words, as with happi-ness and un-happy from happy, or determination from determine. Conversion: the creation of word from an existing word without any change in form, e.g. the adjective clean becomes the verb clean. Clipping: the formation of a new word