采矿专业英语复习重点.doc

1、Mining engineering: the practice of applying engineering principles to the development, planning, operation, closure, and reclamation of mines 2、The overall sequence of activities in modern mining is often compared with the five stages in the life of a mine: prospecting, exploration, development, exploitation, and reclamation. 3、The mining method selected for exploitation is determined mainly by the characteristics of the mineral deposit and the limits imposed by safety, technology, environmental concerns, and economics. 4、Traditional exploitation methods fall into two broad categories based on locale: surface or underground. 5、Underground mining is usually classified in three categories of methods: unsupported, supported, and caving 6、Breakage generally consists of drilling and blasting, and materials handling encompasses loading or excavation and haulage (horizontal transport) and sometimes hoisting (vertical or inclined transport). Production cycle = drill + blast + load + haul 7、Underground, these usually include roof support, ventilation and air-conditioning, power supply, pumping, maintenance, lighting, communications, and delivery of compressed air, water, and supplies to the working 8、In surface mining, the primary auxiliary operations include those providing slope stability, pumping, power supply, maintenance, waste disposal, and supply of material to the production centers. 9 、normal fault 正断层reverse fault 逆断层 transcurrent fault 平推断层 strike fault 走向断层dip fault 倾向断层intersected ~ 斜交断层 褶皱 fold 背斜 upfold 向斜 downfold 10、Important considerations of mining method selection The design of underground mining operation requires the integration of transportation, ventilation, ground control, and mining methods to form a system which provides the highest possible degree of safety for mine personnel; the lowest cost per ton of product; the most suitable quality of final product , considering its intended use; the maximum percent recovery of the reser