第二节直译与意译.ppt

第二节 直译与意译 直译(literal translation)指在转达原文意思时,使译文的表达形式和句法结构尽量同原文一致。理想目标是“形”、“神”皆备。英汉语言之间有较多的共相，句式和词汇相似之处有不小的比重，使直译成为可能。Eg: to keep the room clean and tidy to enrich cultural life under such circumstances to fish in troubled water to add fuel to the fire to break the record a gentleman’s agreement Blood is thicker than water. People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes. Partly as a result of the recently increasing demand, wholesale tea prices have almost doubled. I read this letter with both surprise and excitement, surprise because he is still around, excitement because he didn’t ever forget me. 今天的老人社昨天的劳动者。他们对物质文化的发展作出了许多贡献，理所当然应当分享起成果。当敬老养老蔚然成风时，各个年龄层的人都会有一种安全感。每个人都有一天会变老，如果人们确信老年时生活一定幸福、安康，就会全力以赴地投入工作。 The old people today are the laborers of yesterday. It goes without saying that they should have a share in the rewards for material and cultural advancements to which the have contributions. When respecting and providing for the elderly becomes common practice, people of all generations will have a sense of security. For everyone get old some day, and when people feel perfectly secure of a happy and comfortable life in old age, they will devote themselves wholeheartedly to work. 直译过程中，会遇到“假朋友”（false friend），即非常熟悉的词语往往可能包含深沉含义，如照其表面含义直译，常会出错。 Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。 He is being a good boy now. 他现在正乖着呢。 They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼命奔逃，（连吃奶的力气都用上了。） 意译（free translation）指通过对原文深层意蕴的理解将原文的表层结构消化转化为译文的表层结构。即打破原文的语言形式，用译文的习惯表达形式再现原文意蕴。 1.Justice has long arms. 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。（原文表层含义是正义有长胳膊，深层含义是法律的权力和威力是无边的，罪犯不管逃到何方，终可缉拿归案。） 2.This language was almost unrestrained by any motive of prudence. 他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么，都没有顾及到什么谨慎不谨慎的问题。 3.The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters. 关于增税的谈论激怒了许多选民。 有时原文的信息存在于语言外壳之外，即有“弦外之音”。这样就更需要意译，否则会闹笑话。 1.Will a duck swim? 当然喽！或译为：还用说吗？ 2.And the shell burst into a million new copies. 炮弹炸成了无数碎片。 3.She knew I knew and she knew if she got funny I’d either ruin the roman