第三讲 劳动市场与AD-AS模型.ppt

第三讲 劳动市场与AD-AS模型 §1. 劳动市场基本概念 Current Population Survey Every month, the U.S. Census Bureau surveys 50,000 households to establish the sex, age, and job market status of each member of the household. Working-age population （ Civilian Non-institutional Pop.） Total number of people aged 16 years and over who are not in a jail, hospital, or some other form of institutional care. The working-age population is divided into those in the labor force and those not in the labor force. Labor force The number of people employed plus the number unemployed. 失业率：The percentage of people in the labor force who are unemployed. Full employment When there is no cyclical unemployment or, equivalently, when all the unemployment is frictional or structural. Natural unemployment rate The unemployment rate at full employment. §3. 古典的劳动市场理论 According to classical economists, the quantity of labor demanded and supplied are brought into equilibrium by rising and falling wage rates. There should be no persistent unemployment above the frictional and structural amount. The classical idea that wages adjust to clear the labor market is consistent with the view that wages respond quickly to price changes. The labor demand curve illustrates the amount of labor that firms want to employ at each given wage rate. If labor demand decreases, the equilibrium wage will fall. Anyone who wants a job at W1 will have one. There is always full employment in this sense. If wages “stick” at W0 rather than fall to the new equilibrium wage of W* following a shift of demand, the result will be unemployment equal toL0 – L1. §4、工资的决定 第二章 AD-AS 模型 §1. Aggregate Supply The aggregate supply relation captures the effects of output on the price level. It is derived from the behavior of wages and prices. Recall the equations for wage and price determination from chapter 6: 一、AS曲线的推导 Step 1: Eliminate the nominal wage from: Step 2: Express the unemployment rate in terms of output: Step 3: Replace t