10呼吸道疾病的采样方法上传.ppt

标本的包装 放标本的容器应保证密封、耐低温，标本上标明编号、种类、姓名及采样日期，再放入塑料袋内。 送检单应信息完整，放入另一塑料袋内。 标本的运输 标本运输要求: 原则：不污染环境及不影响检测 要求：及时、稳妥、符合国家规定 标本的运输 标本采集后，应在4℃条件下，48h内，送至流感检测实验室。 不能在48h内送往实验室的，应置-70 ℃或以下条件保存。 运输的包装 使用三层包装 第一和第二层要防水 每层中间使用吸水材料 标本容量不要超过500ml 七、防护措施 隔离服 口罩 帽子 手套 消毒液 八、样本的信息记录 样本编号 样本的基本信息登记：姓名、年龄、性别、采样地点、样品性质、检测项目、采样人、联络方式。 其他：病人的基本流病资料。 九、样品的接收 样品转接记录 样品的接收 样品的保存 判断样品检测的时效性。 * The Oropharyngeal Swab is easy to complete and affords the best chance (of upper respiratory samples) of isolating avian influenza viruses due to their tendency to bind in the lower respiratory tract . To collect the specimen: Have the patient open his/her mouth wide open The patient should try to resist gagging and closing the mouth while the swab touches the back of the throat near the tonsils Slowly remove the swab while slightly rotating it Put tip of swab into vial containing VTM, breaking/cutting applicator’s stick * Regardless of the type of specimen that you collect—either respiratory or serological—when you collect clinical specimens from people who might have avian influenza, it will be important to follow safety precautions. Be sure that you wear personal protective equipment such as N-95 or N/P/R-100 face masks, gloves, and protective eye ware. You should also wear hair covers, boot or shoe covers, and protective clothing such as a gown or apron. You will learn more about personal protective equipment in the infection control module. * Just as it is important to keep specimens cold during storage, it is important to keep specimens cold during transportation. Try to keep specimens at 4 oC. A cooler filled with ice packs can be used for this purpose, but do not use dry ice unless the specimens are double-bagged and airtight; carbon dioxide from the dry ice can inactivate the virus. 呼吸道传染病的样品采集 一、呼吸道传染病 通常是指病原体通过空气、飞沫等进入易感者的呼吸道，而传播的疾病。 流行病学最显著的特点是突然暴发、迅速蔓延、波及面广、危害性大以及人群普遍易感。 一、呼吸道传染病 病原体主要分为细菌类的和病毒类 细菌类：脑膜炎奈瑟菌、Hib、结核杆菌、军团菌、耶尔森菌等等。 病毒类：SARS、流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、肠道病毒、麻疹病毒、风疹病毒、乙型脑炎病毒等等。 原核细胞类