6periodUnit2英汉对比与翻译（一）.ppt

Unit 2 英汉对比与翻译 （一） Study Aims knowledge： 1 learn about differences between English vocabulary and Chinese vocabulary 2 master vocabulary translation methods abilities： ability to make vocabulary translation by using related strategies Affection： Get used to making an accurate translation Step 1:Lead-in Look at the following sentences: Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 宁为鸡头，勿为凤尾 Man proposes，God disposes 谋事在人，成事在天 Step 2:Presentation differences between English vocabulary and Chinese vocabulary 一词多类现象： 汉语：说明情况/关于本产品的使用说明； 他心里很明白；我明白了您讲的道理； 英语：plenty: n. 丰富 adj.足够的 full: adj. 满的 adv.十分 n. 全部 round adj. 圆的 adv.兜圈子 prep.围绕 v. 变圆 n. 圆形物 Example: down You need not take down whatever I said. (你们没必要记下我所说的一切） The stone rolled down the hill and hit the boy. (石头滚下山，砸着了孩子）介 The terrorists downed two planes in Russia. We’ll share ups and downs with you. 我们与你同甘共苦，风雨同舟。 He is not down yet. (adj.) 2)词意 A. 英汉两中语言中词义的宽窄往往不同： 一对一：Kongfu, Laser, linguistics 一对多：sister (姐妹）, marry （嫁娶） 没有完全对应：prey （被捕获的猎物） （在下一讲中更详细地讲） B. 以某语素为出发点，汉语组成一大堆词族: 清白pure 清淡light 清贫poor 清凉cool and refreshing 清冷chilly 清爽fresh and cool 清幽quiet and beautiful 清瘦thin 清查check 清官honest and upright officials C.词义的误解： Blackbird Black bird Blackboard Black board Hot dog Cats and dogs: It is raining cats and dogs. 红茶 black tea 红糖 brown sugar 黑面包 brown bread 青布 black cloth 3)词的搭配 Take off The new dictionary has really taken off. (popular) Take off your wet shirt The crew were taken off (the wrecked vessel) by helicopter 船员被直升飞机(从遇难的船中)救出 They had to take off the show because of poor audience. The officer leading the inquiry has been taken off. 主持调查该事的官员已被调离。 Collocation (continued) 看 看电视 看黑板 看电影 看地图 看小说 看朋友 4)词的位置 A. 单词作定语 A charming girl, a tall building Nothing important The manager’s little office A little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar. 一个乞丐，身材短小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛，瘸腿，满脸胡须。 某些以－ible 或－able结尾的形容词用作定语时，与every，the only，或形容词最高级连用来修饰名