Section 3 THE NERVOUS PATHWAYS (神经传导路).ppt

Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University Section 3 THE NERVOUS PATHWAYS (神经传导路) A. The Sensory (Ascending) Pathways (感觉传导通路) B. The Visual and Pupillary Reflexes Pathways (视觉传导通路和瞳孔对光反射通路) C. The Acoustic Pathway (听觉传导通路) D. The Equilibratory Pathway (平衡觉传导通路) E. The Motor (Descending) Pathways (运动传导通路) A. The Sensory (Ascending) Pathways 1. Deep discriminatory sensation ? Proprioceptive (deep) sense (本体感觉): body posture, movement, vibration and pressure. discriminatory sense (精细触觉): size, shape, texture and two point discrimination. 2) unconscious proprioceptive sensory pathway (非意识性本体感觉传导通路) Summary of Sensory Disturbance(感觉障碍小结) 4) Tactile Pathway of Head and Face (头面部触觉) 3. Visual pupillary reflexes 1) ? The visual pathway (视觉传导通路) 4. The acoustic pathway (听觉传导通路) 5. The equilibratory pathway (平衡觉传导通路) B. The Motor (Descending) Pathways (运动传导通路) 1. The pyramidal system (锥体系): 1) corticospinal tract (皮质脊髓束) 2) corticonuclear tract (皮质核束) 2. The extrapyramidal system (锥体外系) ? 2) Corticonuclear Tract (皮质核束) Summary of Paralysis of Pyramidal System (锥体系瘫痪小结) 2. The Extrapyramidal System (锥体外系) 1) Definition: All the somatic motor tracts to skeletal muscles except pyramidal system (除锥体系以外的全部躯体运动束). 2) Functions: a. to regulate the tonicity of the muscles (调节肌张力) The Extrapyramidal System (锥体外系) b. coordinate the muscular activities (协调肌肉活动) c. maintain the normal body posture (维持体态姿势) d. produce habitual and rhythmic movements (产生习惯性动作) 3) The corpus striatum-substantia-corpus striatum circuit (system) (纹状体-黑质-纹状体环路) 4) The cortico-ponto-cerebellar circuit (system) (皮质-脑桥-小脑环路) Section 4 MENINGES BLOOD VESSELS OF THE BRAIN SPINAL CORD; THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord (脑和脊髓的被膜) B. The Blood Vessels of the Brain and Spinal Cord (脑和脊髓的血管) C. The Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (脑脊液循环) D. The Brain