B级考试语法及词汇考点.doc

B级考试英语语法 表格示意图 一．冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法： 1 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you. 3 表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day. 4 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age. 5 ◆用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng. 6 ◆用于固定词组中 A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, in a word II. 定冠词的用法： 1 表示某一类人或物（这种泛指不需掌握） The horse is a useful animal. 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door? 4 ◆用于乐器前面 play the violin, play the guitar 5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach, the living, the wounded 6 ◆表示“一家人”或“夫妇” the Greens, the Wangs 7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two children. 8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French 9 ◆在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990’s，对比in the 1960s和in his 60s 10 ◆用于表示单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour. (按小时计费) 11 ◆用于方位名词，身体部位名词，表示时间的词组前 He patted me on the shoulder.（the不能换成my） III. 零冠词的用法： 1 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? 3 ◆季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 但the Spring Festival 4 ◆表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America. 5 ◆学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前 He likes playing football/chess. 6 ◆与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train, by air, by land 7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals. IV 有无冠词的词汇或词组的对比 不可数名词的具体化用作可数名词 cloth（布料—不可数）与a table cloth（桌布）；beer (啤酒)与a beer（一杯啤酒）；glass（玻璃）与a looking glass（镜子） ◆相似词组的对比 in charge of / in the charge of; in case of / in the case of; in front of / in the front of; out of question / out of the question 二、数词 I．序数词one two three…与基数词 first second third ... II．分数 one third 三分之一/ two thirds三分之