会计报表分析讲稿 - 副本【DOC精选】.docVIP

会计报表分析讲稿 Chapter 1 Introduction to Financial Reporting Development of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) Generally accepted accounting principles provide a common source of authority for preparation of financial statements History of GAAP in the United States Prior to Securities Acts of 1933 and 1934, New York Stock Exchange established reporting requirements for publicly traded companies 1934 Act established the SEC; The SEC is given the authority to determine GAAP Sources of GAAP 1939–1959: AICPA’s Committee on Accounting Procedures issued Accounting Research Bulletins (ARBs) 1959–1973: AICPA’s Accounting Principles Board issued Opinions (APBOs) 1973 to present: Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issues: Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (SFASs) Interpretations Technical bulletins Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts (SFACs) FASB Conceptual Framework Provides the Board with a common foundation and basic reasons for considering the merits of various alternative accounting principles Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts Do not establish GAAP Provide a framework for evaluating promulgated accounting principles #1 identifies the objectives of for-profit financial reporting #2 identifies the qualities and characteristics of financial reporting #6 (replaced #3) defines the elements of financial performance and status Assets Liabilities Equity Investments by owners Distribution to owners Comprehensive income Revenues Expenses Gains Losses #4 identifies the objectives of financial reporting by nonbusiness organizations #5 addresses recognition and measurement in financial statements of business enterprises Should meet four criteria: Definition Measurability Relevance Reliability Identifies five different measurement attributes currently used in practice: Historical cost (historical proceeds) Current cost Current market value Net realizable (settlement) value Present (or discounted) value of future cash flows Additional Input—A