国际私法课件.docx

Chapter OneIntroduction to Private International Law Section 1 Adjusted object of Private International lawI . foreign-related Civil （Commercial ）legal relations (case1)involving foreign elements：1. Subject 2. Object 3. CauseII. The mean of “foreign”: 1. inter-nation 2. inter-region（法域legal unit-----具有独特法律制度的区域） Section 2 The definition of private international lawI . The causes of conflict of laws1. Different states have different regulations on the same issue.2. More and more foreign-related civil or commercial legal relations have been established among states. 3. On certain conditions, one state admits the extraterritorial validity of foreign regulations.Ⅱ. Methods of adjusting1、Indirect Regulating Method（纠纷→冲突法→准据法(EX)）2. Direct Regulating Method纠纷→统一实体法（internationalConvention、internationalcustom）试分析直接调整方法和间接调整方法的优缺点？间接调整方法是国际私法重要的独特的调整方法，优点是比较概括、具有灵活性。缺陷：（1）其间接性决定了其不够明确，缺乏预见性；（2）在实际运用中会受到与冲突规范相联系的整套法律制度，如反致（转致）、法律规避和公共秩序保留、外国法律内容的查明等限制，从而不同程度上削弱了冲突规范的效力。直接调整方法直接确定了所适用的法律，优点是具有明确性特点缺陷：（1）适用领域比较有限。许多法律领域至今尚未能制定出统一的实体法。（2）条约中的统一实体法就不一定能用来调整该国际民商事关系当事人的权利和义务，国家在加入是有保留权。（3）许多条约并不排除当事人另行选择法律的权利。而且国际民商事方面的国际惯例更多是任意性的，需要当事人选择才得以适用。Ⅲ.Definition and name of private international :Theory of statutes--法则区别说、Law ofConflict of Laws（Conflict Law ）、Application of Foreign LawsPrivate International Law、International Private Law2. The scope of private international law(1)Civil legal status for foreigners(2)Conflict law (3)Uniform substantive laws (4)International civil procedure and rules on international arbitration3. Definition以国际民商事关系为调整对象，以解决法律冲突为中心任务，以冲突规范为基本规范，同时包括规定外国人民事法律地位的规范、避免或消除法律冲突的统一实体规范及国际民商事程序规范在内的一个独立法律部门。Section 3 Source of Private International LawSource of private international law↙↘Domestic source International source↙↘↙↘Domestic Judicial ↙↘statute precedence ↙↘ International Internationalconvention custom Section 4 Fundamental principle of private international lawⅠ.Princip