《扩大加州可再生能源比例：经验教训和未来挑战》.pptVIP

Expanding Renewables in California: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges扩大加州可再生能源比例：经验教训和未来挑战 V. John White Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies 能源效率和可再生能源技术中心 California has demonstrated the viability and cost effectiveness of deployment of large-scale wind, solar, and geothermal resources, and substantial deployment of rooftop PV, distributed fuel cells, and biogas technologies. 加州已展示了利用大规模风能、太阳能和地热能资源，以及大量开展屋顶光伏、分布式燃料电池和沼气技术的可行性和成本－效果。 California utilities are on track to meet the state’s 33% renewable target by 2020; BUT: 加州公用事业正朝着“到2020年实现33%可再生能源发电比例”的目标前进；但： Future development path is uncertain and will depend on the formal adoption of 2030 and 2050 GHG reduction targets. 未来发展路径尚未确定，这将取决于2030年和2050年温室气体减排目标的正式实施。 No new renewable resources are expected to be contracted for until 2018-2019. 2018-2019年前，没有新的可再生资源供立项 Grid operators are concerned with how to manage increased variability of generation. 电网运营商担忧如何管理发电过程中增加的可变性 Expanding Renewables 扩大可再生能源比例 Slide * of 15 Timeline 时间轴 Slide * of 15 Expanding Renewables: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges 扩大可再生能源比例：经验教训和未来挑战 Diverse Renewables 多样化可再生能源 Regional Cooperation 区域合作 Efficient Natural Gas 高效天然气 Carbon Reduction Focus 碳减排 Flexible Load 灵活负荷 Low Cost, Low Carbon, Reliable Grid 低成本、低碳、可靠的电网 Slide * of 15 Achieving 60-80% Reductions of Greenhouse Gases 实现温室气体减排60-80% A more balanced renewables portfolio 可再生能源组合更加均衡 Deeper penetrations of zero or low carbon resources will require more integrated planning and procurement strategies. 实施更多一体化规划和采购战略，提高零碳或低碳资源比例 “Best fit” becomes as important as “least cost” to take advantage of renewable resource contributions to a reliable electric system. 充分利用可再生能源对电力系统可靠性的贡献，“最适合”与“成本最低”变得同样重要 2030 and 2050 GHG reduction targets replace mandated percentages of renewables 2030年和2050年减排目标代替强制的可再生能源比例 Grid infrastructure will rely on intra-hour flexibility and ancillary services. 电网设施的运行将依赖小时级内的灵活性和配套服务 In order to achieve deeper reductions, the fol