AlkanesStructureandConformation.pptVIP

Alkanes: Structure and Conformation Alkane Shape: Straight Chains Branched Alkanes: Simple Alkane Nomenclature: The Rules Alkyl Group Nomenclature Branched Alkanes Branched Alkanes: Examples Branched Alkanes: Examples Branched Alkyl Groups Alkyl Halides Alcohols Monocyclic Alkanes/Alcohols Bicyclic Alkanes Terminal Alkenes Alkenes: Non-Terminal Alkynes Properties of Alkanes Sigma Bonds in Hydrocarbons Newman Projections/Sawhorse Formula Newman Projections/Sawhorse Formula Conformational Analysis: Butane Cyclohexane Conformation Cyclohexane Conformation: Cis Cyclohexane Conformation: Trans Cyclohexane Conformation: Notes Reactions: Hydrogenation Reactions: Alkyl Halide Reducation Reactions: Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes * Compounds Contain Only C, H General Formula: CnH2n+2 (Saturated) Common Source of Alkanes: Petroleum Separation Technique: Fractional Distillation Boiling Point (Size) Method of Separating Basic Building Block of More Complex Organics “Straight Chain” Better Termed “Unbranched” Actually Zig-Zag Structures (Tetrahedral Carbon Atoms) All Carbons sp3 Hybridized Constitutional Isomers: Same Formula; Different Connectivity Butane and Isobutane: C4H10 Pentane, Isopentane, Neopentane: C5H12 Different Properties: BP, MP, Density, Refractive Index etc. Number of Constitutional Isomers Increases w/ # of Carbons Unbranched Alkanes Eicosane 20 Decane 10 Nonadecane 19 Nonane 9 Octadecane 18 Octane 8 Heptadecane 17 Heptane 7 Hexadecane 16 Hexane 6 Pentadecane 15 Pentane 5 Tetradecane 14 Butane 4 Tridecane 13 Propane 3 Dodecane 12 Ethane 2 Undecane 11 Methane 1 Name #C Name # C Unbranched Alkyl Groups Eicosyl 20 Decyl 10 Nonadecyl 19 Nonyl 9 Octadecyl 18 Octyl 8 Heptadecyl 17 Heptyl 7 Hexadecyl 16 Hexyl 6 Pentadecyl 15 Pentyl 5 Tetradecyl 14 Butyl 4 Tridecyl 13 Propyl 3 Dodecyl 12 Ethyl 2 Undecyl 11 Methyl 1 Name #C Name # C Locate Longest Continuous Chain (Parent Name) Number Carbons in Chain; Begin @ End N