diction.pptVIP

The Strateries of Translation 异化（foreignization）和归化（domestication） 1813年，德国哲学家和翻译理论家弗里德里希 施莱尔马赫（Friedrich Schleiermacher）首先提出了相似的理论：There are only two. Either the translator leaves the author in peace, as much as possible, and moves the reader towards him; or he leaves the reader in peace, as much as possible, and moves the author towards him. (只有两种方法：译者要么尽可能不打扰作者，引导读者向作者靠拢；要么尽可能不打扰读者，引导作者向读者靠拢。） 1995年，美国翻译理论家劳伦斯 韦努蒂（Lawrence Venuti）提出了“异化”“归化”的翻译理论。 归化：就是使外国文化靠近译入语文化的读者，使译文能为读者认知和熟悉（Domestication means bringing the foreign culture closely to the reader in the target culture, making the text recognizable and familiar) 归化法采取民族中心主义的态度，使外语文本符合译入语的文化价值观，把原作者带入译入语文化。换言之，归化法要求译者向译文读者靠拢，采取译文读者习惯的译语表达方式传达原文的内容：kill two birds with one stone. (一箭双雕) 我国译者中“归化”的代表：严复、林纾、钱钟书、傅雷、张谷若、傅东华等 　傅译中采用归化翻译的内容从形式可以分为两个层次,词汇层和句法结构层。词汇层的归化翻译包括对人名、地名和机构名的归化。句法层的归化翻译包括对定语、状语等句子成分摆放位置的归化和对某些介词短语、-ing分词短语等结构的归化 　　《飘》(Gone with the Wind) 郝思嘉(Scarlet O’hara)、郝爱兰(Allen O’hara)卫希礼(Ashely Wilkes)、卫英第(India Wilkes)、白瑞德(Rhett Butler) 除人名、地名之外,译者还将一些机构名称按汉语中的表达方式翻译。如大学的名称仿照中国的“北大”,“人大”等形式翻译。He’s kind of set on getting an education, and you two have pulled him out of the University of Virginia and Alabama and South Carolina and now Georgia.”[1](7)(译文:“他向来把教育看得很认真的。以前在佛大、亚大、南大,他们都给你拖了出来,现在肇大,又给你们连累得读不成。”[ 异化就是使读者靠近外国文化，让她/他看到两种文化的差异。（Foreignization, on the other hand, means taking the reader over to the foreign culture, and making him or her see the difference） 我国译者中“异化”的代表：鲁迅、孙致礼等 异化法是偏离民族主义的，对译入语文化价值施加压力，使其关注外语文本的语言和文化差异，把读者带入外国情景，体验外国人的阅读感受。换言之，异化法需要译文向原文作者靠拢，采取原文作者使用的表达方式传达原文的内容。如上例：一石二鸟 What is diction?（P59） Diction means the choice of words and phrases to express meaning. The meaning of a word is its use in the language, not only its definitions in the dictionary. In both Chinese and English, there are many multi-meaning words and words with the same or similar meaning. In translation, we should choose the most suitable words. The difference between the right word and the almost right word i