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IC設計產業 洪士灝 台大資工系 2005.11 Outline IC設計產業歷史背景 IC設計與製造流程 IC設計業與上游供應商 IC設計與下游價值鏈 IC設計產業特性 IC產品應用領域與IC設計主要競爭者 台灣IC設計產業：現況與挑戰 IC設計產業歷史背景 電子元件技術 Tube - Transistor - Integrated Circuit Moore’s Law MSI - LSI - VLSI -… 數位化資訊時代 IC被廣泛地應用於電腦、通訊、消費性電子、工業電子等諸多用途 台灣在半導體產業的發展 2003年超過190億美元（全球1,664億美元） 系統單晶片（System-on-Chip or SoC） 電子元件技術Milestones Braun invents the solid-state rectifier. DeForest invents triode vacuum tube. 1907-1927 First radio circuits de-veloped from diodes and triodes. 1925 Lilienfeld field-effect device patent filed. Bardeen and Brattain at Bell Laboratories invent bipolar transistors. Commercial bipolar transistor production at Texas Instruments. Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley receive Nobel prize. Integrated circuit developed by Kilby and Noyce First commercial IC from Fairchild Semiconductor IEEE formed from merger or IRE and AIEE First commercial IC opamp One transistor DRAM cell invented by Dennard at IBM. 4004 Intel microprocessor introduced. First commercial 1-kilobit memory. 1974 8080 microprocessor introduced. Megabit memory chip introduced. 2000 Alferov, Kilby, and Kromer share Nobel prize Moore’s Law Device Feature Size Feature size reductions enabled by process innovations. Smaller features lead to more transistors per unit area and therefore higher density. 5 Commandments IEEE Spectrum December 2003, pp. 31-35. Moore’s Law : The number of transistors on a chip doubles annually (modified to 18-24 mo. later) Rock’s Law : The cost of semiconductor tools doubles every four years Machrone’s Law: The PC you want to buy will always be $5000 ($500-1000 now) Metcalfe’s Law : A network’s value grows proportionately to the number of its users squared Wirth’s Law : Software is slowing faster than hardware is accelerating 類比與數位Analog and Digital Signals Analog signals are continuous in time and voltage or current. (Charge can also be used as a signal conveyor.) After digitization, the continuous analog signal becomes a set of discrete values, typ