Labourmarketsegregationbetweenmenandwomen.pptVIP

Labour market segregationbetween men and women What to measure How to measure it Contents A definition Causes Types Indicators Data needs A definition Labour market segregation in general: Practice of restricting particular population group(s) to certain (economic/non-economic) activities in order to maintain the economic advantages and higher social status of the other population group(s) Types of labour market segregation: SEX Race, ethnicity Religion Migrants/non-migrants Causes De jure - enforced by law Laws forbidding/hindering women from working or from doing certain jobs De facto – widespread individual preferences, social customs Traditional female roles of family caretakers impede/encumber that they work (in certain types of jobs) or look for (certain types of) work, on an equal footing as men Subordination to men means that women are not free to work (in certain types of jobs) or look for (certain types of) work without approval of husband/father/brother Social and educational conditioning that hinder competitiveness to allow women to work on an equal footing as men Types of segregation In the entry to/exit from the labour market In the types of economic activities carried out In their labour inputs In their returns to labour Entry/exit Do they work ? Employment Do they look for work? Unemployment Do they work or look for work? Labour force Do they enter and exit the labour market? Labour turnover, life cycle patterns Types of activities The type of work they do - occupations The type of establishment they work in - industries The type of contract - status in employment The type of employer - institutional sector The size of establishment where they work Where they work - place of work Hazardousness of their work – occupational injuries and disease Their voice – union density and representation Social security coverage Labour inputs How much do they work - hours actually worked/usually worked, overtime, part-time/full-time How inconvenient are the h