Lecture英汉句式结构对比.pptVIP

Lecture 2 英汉句式结构对比 1. 英语基本句型 ⑴ SV= (主+谓） ⑵ SVO= (主+ 谓+ 宾） ⑶ SVOC= (主+ 谓+ 宾+ 宾补） ⑷ SVOO= (主+ 谓+间接宾语 + 直 接宾语） ⑸ SVP= (主+ 系+ 表） 英语句子变体 1. Extension of Basic English Sentences（扩展）：Adding modified words or phrases or clauses as attributive or adverbial. The other key to controlling stress is to realize that there are other troublesome parts of your life over which you can have little or no control. 2. Combination of Basic English Sentences（组合） It is a common way to put all kinds of basic English sentences together in terms of connectives and punctuation. 3. Omission of Basic English Sentences （省略） Generally speaking, some elements or words or phrases of basic English sentences could be omitted. No Admittance Except on Business. 4. Inversion of basic English sentence. （倒装） The window opened and in came a gentle breeze. On the top of the hill stands an old temple. 2. 汉语对应句式 （1）上帝笑了。（S+V） God smiles. （2） 我常看“中国好声音”。（S+V+O） I often watch “the Voice of China”. （3） 我听到有人在抽泣。（S+V+O+C） I heard someone sobbing . （4） 成功给与我力量。（S+V+O+O） Success gave me strength. （5）大学生活如此难忘。（S+V+C） College life is so unforgettable. 3. 汉语特殊句式 今天食堂吃饺子。 叉子吃不好吃筷子吧。 吃食堂味道不好。 Jiaozi are served in the canteen today. (今天食堂有饺子吃) Eat with chopsticks if you can’t (do it well) with a fork. (用叉子吃不好就用筷子吃吧) The food served in the canteen doesn’t taste good. (在食堂吃的饭菜味道不好) 4.英语 vs. 汉语：主语显著vs.话题显著 English is a subject-prominent language in which the grammatical units of subject and predicative are basic to the structure of sentences and in which sentences usually have subject-predicate structure. Chinese is a topic-prominent language in which the grammatical units of topic and comment are basic to the structure of sentences. 中国传统哲学主张“天人合一”，“万物与我为一”，反映在语言上就是施事主体可以蕴涵在行为事件的主观表现中。因此在句子构造中，汉语并不把主语看成必要的成分。如王力所言：“就句子结构而论，西洋语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的，法治的不管主语用得着用不着，总要呆板地追求句子形式的一