美国五大标志野牛镍币题库.ppt

Five Famous Symbols of American Culture ——The Buffalo Nickel Reading Today, American coins honor prominent（杰出的） figures （图形，图像，人物）of the US government —mostly famous former presidents. But the Buffalo nickel, produced from 1913 to 1938 , honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the American frontier — the destruction of the buffalo herds(牧群) and the American Indians. 如今，美国的硬币被用来纪念美国政府的杰出人物，其中多为著名的前总统，而1913至1938年间发行的野牛镍币，却是为了纪念美国开发边远地区所导致的两部相互关联的悲剧，那就是一野牛群灭绝和美国印第安人的毁灭。 Reading While white people had previously（以前，在先） been used as models for most American Indians as models of his creation. 在那之前大多数硬币一白人为其人物原型，但著名艺术家詹姆斯·厄尔·弗雷泽却打破传统，用了3名真正的美国印第安人作为其创作原型。 Reading For the buffalo on the other side, since buffola no longer wandered about the great grasslands, Fraser was forced to sketch（素描） an aging buffalo from New York City ′Park Zoo. Two years later in 1915, this animal was sold for ＄100 and killed for meat, a hide（兽皮）, and a wall decoration made from its horns. 由于已经很难在大草原上找到野牛，因此，弗雷泽为了塑造硬币另一面上的野牛，只能到纽约中央公园动物园里去画只老野牛的素描。两年后，即1915年，这头牛被以100美元的价格荬掉，而后杀死吃肉，牛角被制成墙上的装饰品。 Origin Designer James Earle Fraser (November 4, 1876 – October 11, 1953) was born in Winona, Minnesota and was an American famous sculptor 詹姆斯·厄尔·弗雷泽 （1876.11.4－1953.10.1） 出生于明尼苏达的薇诺娜 , 美国著名雕塑家 Prototype The Buffalo Nickle was firstly designed in 1911. At that time the United States pioneered the development of serious damage to the ecological environment of the buffalo and the the number of it was serious decline. 野牛镍币?开始设计与1911年。由于当时美国的开荒者为了开发严重破坏了水牛的生态环境，水牛的数量严重下降。 Prototype To remind American citizens to protect the environment, the government issued this buffalo nickel. 为了提醒美国公民保护环境，政府就发行了这种野牛镍币 Prototype Two years after 1915, it was sold to 100 dollars, and to kill for food, and leather ! Really a bit ironic. 在两年后也就是1915，它以100美元被卖了，并杀来用作食物，与皮衣！确实有点讽刺意味。 Size The Buffalo Nickel is made of 75% copper a