托福写作审题结构和提纲研究报告.ppt

审题，结构和提纲 一、价值判断类型（should, important, necessary, prefer, better） People should insist on a challenging plan rather than a practical plan. Universities students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study. A low-paid but secure job is better than a job with a high salary but easy to lose. 结构 回答why？ 1. 背景+引出话题+我的观点 2. 中心句（原因一）+举例分析+总结 3. 中心句（原因二）+举例分析+总结 4. 中心句（原因三）+举例分析+总结 5. 让步段(Admittedly中心句+分析+However中心句+分析) 6. 总结 若题目中仅有一个事物，让步段可写可不写。若写，则比较这个事物的优缺点。 若题目中有两个比较对象，最好有一个让步段比较这两个对象。 People should insist on a challenging plan rather than a practical plan. 1. challenging plans 2. propel society to move forward(the invention of planes, computers, internet) 3. forster the value of perseverance(Edison, Nobel) 4. bring happy accidents(the creation of gunpowder) 5. Admittedly, practical plans are likely to succeed, but are seldom motivating. However, challening plans can motivate people, arouse enthusiam and promote creativity. 6. summary People should insist on a challenging plan rather than a practical plan. 1. practical plans 2. accomplish the plan with high quality on time (homework) 3. build up confidence to undertake tasks (marathon) 4. ensure the steady progress of a business, an organization or even a society (a chain store expands too quickly to go bankrupt; great leap of economy) 5. Admittedly, challenging plans are more exciting. However, challening plans can make people stressed, anxious and likely to make mistakes. 6. summary Universities students should be required to take history courses no matter what field they study. 1. should not 2. cause more academic pressure (a medical student) 3. unnecessary cost for students( hire more history teachers; the increased cost will be reflected in the tuition fee) 4. Admittedly, taking history course can emulate succeful models, cultivate patriotism and a sense of reponsibility for the society. However, this knowledge can be acquired through many other means su