chapter 3 A brief history of language teaching.ppt

1) The Western Context 2) The Chinese Context 1) The Western Context ⑴ Before 16th century ⑵ After 16th century ⑶ From the 17th century to the 19th century ⑷ By the 19th century ⑸ Toward mid-19th century ⑹ Toward the late 19th century (7) Teaching methods in the 20th century ⑴ Before 16th century: 拉丁语有较长时间的历史，并与古典文化密切相关，所以有很高的威望和许多实际用途，被认为是当时文人所应该学习的。在欧洲大部分国家，拉丁语用于教育和政府管理；在国际上，拉丁语用于宗教，政治和商业。现在不太清楚当时是如何教拉丁语；但从其使用的众多场合看，一定是书面语和口语表达同时学习。 Latin was the only focus of studying language . It was the dominant language of education, commerce, religion, and government in the western world. ⑵ After 16th century: 拉丁语在各国国内很少使用，代之以各民族的语言。不过，其是文学语言和哲学语言，所以文人继续学习拉丁语。现在，情况不同了：其实际用途几乎全部消失，在大多数情况下，只有阅读能力被认为是必要的。 French, Italian, and English gained in importance as a result of political changes in Europe. Latin became displaced as a language of spoken and written communication. ⑶ From the 17th century to the 19th century: The learning of Latin exerted great impact upon the early teaching in western world. Textbook--Abstract grammar rules --Lists of vocabulary --Sentences for translation The pen of my aunt is in the garden. Green cloud is sleeping soundly. The study of classical Latin and the analysis of its grammar and rhetoric became the model for foreign language study. ⑷ By the 19th century Gradually, the approach based on the study of Latin had became the standard way of studying foreign languages in schools. It became known as the Grammar-Translation Method (GT Method). ⑸ Toward mid-19th century GT Method in teaching and learning was gradually rejected. 法国学者古恩教学法是根据自己观察小孩如何运用语言来创建的。他主张学生使用外语来描述一系列关联动作组成的事。 Gouin series Stand up ． Go to the door ． Open the door ． Go out of the room ． Come into the room ． Close the door ． Go back to your place ． Sit down ． ⑹ Toward the late 19th century IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) The emphasis on natural langauge learning principles ultimately led