汉英语言的基本区别.ppt

汉英语言的基本区别 1. 主述位结构(theme structure)上的差别 汉语属主题显著 (topic-prominent) 语言 英语属主语显著 (subject-prominent)语言 1.这篇论文我花了很多心血。 2.看电视、唱歌、跳舞这类活动他都不感兴趣。 3.这本书我已经看过了。 4.薄薄的一本书他竟看了两个月。 5.老百姓投票给领导发奖，这是我有生以来经历的第一次。 1. I worked very hard on this paper. 2. He isn’t interested in things like watching TV, listening to songs, or dancing. 3. I have already read this book. 4. It took him two long months to finish such a thin book. 5.This is the first time in my life that I’ve experienced the masses voting on rewards for leaders. . 2.思维方式 (thought pattern/discourse pattern) 的不同 英语的直线型（linear） 汉语的螺旋型（circular/spiral/indirect） 在篇章的组织结构方面： 英语篇章主要呈直线型（linear）； 汉语篇章主要呈螺旋型（circular/spiral/indirect）。 在遣词造句谋篇上： 循着从一般（general）到具体（specific），从概括（summarize）到举例（exemplify），从整体（whole）到个体（respective）的原则。请看短文： Soccer is a difficult sport．（1）A player must be able to run steadily without rest．（2）Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head．（3）Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others．（4） They must put up with aching feet and sore muscles． 足球运动员必须能不停地奔跑，有时得用头顶球，撞别人或被别人撞，必须忍受双脚和肌肉的疼痛，所以说，足球运动是一项难度大的运动。 Sample Paragraph Analysis 1 Keeping dogs as pets has more benefits than most people recognize. 2 First, they contribute to the health of their owners. 3 Often their demands for walks and play improve their owner’s exercise routine. 4 In fact, statistics show that dog owners get more regular exercise than non-dog owners do. 3 Also, they enhance health simply by being around to be petted. 4 Scientific studies have indicated that stroking a pit reduces stress and lowers blood pressure. 2 Second, they provide a means for parents to teach their children responsibility. 3 When parents give children a dog, they provide them the opportunity to fulfill the responsibilities of walking, feeding, and caring for its other needs. 2 Finally and most important of all, dogs enhance the well-being and emotional stability of families. 3 Older people who live alone espe