生产成本.pptVIP

Figure 1 Economic versus Accountants Relationships Among Cost Production Functions AP AVC are inversely related. (ex: one input) AVC = (W?L) /Q = W/ (Q/L) = W/ APL As APL rises, AVC falls MP and MC are inversely related MC = dTC/dQ = (W?dL)/dQ = W / (dQ/dL) = W / MPL As MPL declines, MC rises Marginal Cost Thirsty Thelma’s Lemonade Stand Figure 4 Thirsty Thelma’s Total-Cost Curves Figure 5 Thirsty Thelma’s Average-Cost and Marginal-Cost Curves Figure 6 Big Bob’s Cost Curves Figure 6 Big Bob’s Cost Curves Figure 7 Average Total Cost in the Short and Long Run Figure 7 Average Total Cost in the Short and Long Run The terms “economic costs,” that include “normal profits,” and “economic profits” that are not included in “economics costs” are often confusing. Using the term “excess or economic profits” helps. Economists classify normal profits as costs, since in the long run the owner of a firm would close it down if a normal profit were not being earned. Since a normal profit is required to keep the entrepreneur operating the firm, a normal profit is a cost. Economic profits are not costs of production since the entrepreneur does not require the gaining of an economic profit to keep the firm operating. In economics, costs are whatever is required to keep a firm operating. (McConnell,Economics,15edition,ch22 production cost.) Mankiw-chapter13. Problem and Answer 5.假定某厂商的边际成本函数　　　　　　　　 ，且生产10单位产量时的总成本为1000。 求: (1) 固定成本的值。 (2) 总成本函数、总可变成本函数，以及平均成本函数、平均可变成本函数。(高鸿业《西方经济学》第三版，第五章成本论) Mankiw-chapter13. Problem and Answer Problem and Answer 6. 某公司用两个工厂生产一种产品，其总成本函数为 ，其中Q1表示第一个工厂生产的产量，Q2表示第二个工厂生产的产量。 求：当公司生产的产量为40时能够使得公司生产成本最小的两工厂的产量组合.(高鸿业《西方经济学》第三版，第五章成本论) Problem and Answer 7. 已知生产函数　　　　　　　　；各要素价格分别为PA＝1，PL＝1，PK＝2；假定厂商处于短期生产，且 　　　　。 推导：该厂商短期生产的总成本函数和平均成本函数；总可变成本函数和平均可变成本函数；边际成本函数。 8. 已知生产函数　　　　　　　 ;当资本投入量K＝50时资本的总价格为500；劳动的价格PL＝5。 求: (1)劳动的投入函数L=L(Q) (2)总成本函数、平均成本函数和边际成本函数。 (3)当产品价格P＝100时，厂商获得最大利润的产量和利润各是多少？(高鸿业《西方经济学》第三版，