聚苯胺膜的制备研究.doc

聚苯胺膜的制备研究 摘 要 为了得到性能优异的高分子导电材料，以十二烷基苯磺酸钠为乳化剂，过硫酸铵为聚合引发剂，盐酸为掺杂剂，利用乳液聚合法制备了聚苯胺。系统地研究了盐酸、乳化剂及引发剂的用量对聚苯胺电导率的影响。用四探针法测定了聚苯胺的电导率，测试结果显示最佳制备条件为：过硫酸铵16.42g，盐酸12mL，十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.21g。聚苯胺的电导率可达0.78S/cm。 测定电导率最大的聚苯胺在不同有机溶剂中的溶解率，结果表明聚苯胺在三氯甲烷中的溶解度最大，其溶解率达到36%，从而选择三氯甲烷做溶剂，以聚苯乙烯为成膜物可以制备导电聚苯胺的自支撑膜，通过扫描电镜分析表明聚苯胺粒度较为均匀。 关键词 聚苯胺，自支撑膜，电导率，乳液聚合，溶解率 ABSTRACT To obtain excellent performance of conductive materials, polyaniline was prepared by polymerization method using DBSA as emulsifier, ammonium persulfate as polymerization initiator, hydrochloric acid as doping agent. the conductivity influenced by the amount of hydrochloric acid, emulsifier and initiator have been systematically studied. The conductivity was measured by four probe method, the results of the test showed that the best preparation conditions are as followed: ammonium persulfate 16.42g, hydrochloric acid 12mL, DBSA 0.21g. The conductivity of polyaniline can be 0.78S/cm. Determined the solubility of the maximum conductivity of polyaniline in different organic solvents, the results show that the solubility of polyaniline is the largest in chloroform and its dissolution rate of 36%, so chosen chloroform as solvent and with polystyrene as forming film, the self-supporting film of conductive polyaniline can be prepared, by scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the amine polystyrene is more uniform particle size. Keyword: polyaniline, self-supporting film, conductivity, emulsion , solubility 目 录 摘 要 II ABSTRACT II 目 录 1 1 绪 论 1 1.1 课题背景 1 1.2 聚苯胺研究现状 1 1.2.1 聚苯胺的研究历史 1 1.2.2 聚苯胺的结构与特性 2 1.2.3 聚苯胺的导电机理研究 4 1.2.4 聚苯胺的合成 6 1.2.5 聚苯胺膜的制备 8 1.3 本课题研究的目的和内容 10 2 实验药品和仪器 11 2.1 实验药品 11 2.2 实验仪器设备 11 3聚苯胺的制备和性能表征 12 3.1 实验方案 12 3.2 实验步骤 13 3.2.1 苯胺的蒸馏 13 3.2.2 聚苯胺的制备 13 3.3 分析检测 14 3.3.1 电导率σ测定 14 3.3.2红外光谱分析 14 3.4 结果分析与讨论 15 3.4.1电导率分析 15 3.4.3 红外光谱分析 18 3.5小结 18 4 聚苯胺膜的制备与表征 20 4.1 实验方案 20 4.2 实验步骤 20 4.2.1 聚苯胺溶解率测定 20 4.2.3 聚苯胺膜的制备 21 4.3 聚苯胺膜导电