太阳能充放电控制器设计完美版.doc

太阳能充放电控制器设计 摘 要 太阳能光伏发电现已成为新能源和可再生能源的重要组成部分，也被认为是当前世界最有发展前景的新能源技术。目前太阳能光伏发电装置已广泛应用于通讯，交通，电力等各个方面，其核心部分就是充电控制器。 本设计针对目前市场上传统充电控制器对蓄电池的充放电控制不合理，同时保护也不够充分，使得蓄电池的寿命缩短这种情况，研究确定了一种基于单片机的太阳能充电控制器的方案。在太阳能对蓄电池的充放电方式、控制器的功能要求和实际应用方面做了一定分析，完成了硬件电路设计和软件编制，实现了对蓄电池的高效率管理。 在总体方案的指导下，本设计使用低功耗、高性能，超强抗干扰的STC89C52单片机作为核心器件对整个电路进行控制。系统硬件电路由太阳能电池充放电电路，电压采集和显示电路，单片机控制电路和RS232串口通信电路组成，主要实现对蓄电池电压的采集和显示。软件部分依据PWM（Pulse Width Modulation）脉宽调制控制策略，编制程序使单片机输出PWM控制信号，通过控制光电耦合器通断进而控制MOSFET管开启和关闭，达到控制蓄电池充放电的目的，同时按照功能要求实现了对蓄电池过充、过放保护和短路保护。实验表明，该控制器性能优良，可靠性高，可以时刻监视太阳能电池板和蓄电池状态，实现控制蓄电池最优充放电，达到延长蓄电池的使用寿命。 关键词： 充电控制器； 太阳能光伏发电； PWM脉宽调制； Abstract Solar photovoltaic power generation has become an important part of new energy and renewable energy, it is considered the current worlds most promising new energy technologies. At present solar photovoltaic device has been widely used in communications, transport, electricity and other aspects, the core part is the charge controller. The conventional charge controller on the market today on the battery charge and discharge control is unreasonable, and its protection is also inadequate,whichs makes the battery life to shorten. To solve this problem, the design identifies a solar charge controller based on single chip solution. In the solar energy to battery charge and discharge means, the controller of the functional requirements and the practical application aspects ,making some analysis,completed the hardware circuit design and software development, to achieve the high efficiency of the battery management. Under the guidance of the overall program, the design uses low-power, high performance, super anti-jamming STC89C52 microcontroller as a core device to control the entire circuit. Hardware circuit consists of a solar battery charging and discharging circuit, voltage acquisition and display circuit, the MCU control circuit and RS232 serial communication circuit, the main achievement of the acquisition and display battery voltage. Software is based in