第讲英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法.pptVIP

第4讲 英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法 教学要点与要求 1.什么是增词法和减词法 2.增词法和减词法的适用范围 理据 　　英汉两种语言由于表达方式不同，翻译时要在词量上进行增减。 所谓增词，就是要根据上下文的意思、逻辑关系以及目的语的表达习惯，增加词量，以表达原文字面没有出现但实际已经包含的意思， 而减词就是减去原文有，但目的语表达用不着，且减去也不影响原文意思表达的词。 1.1 语法的需要（英汉差异） 1.1.1英语中的名词为复数形式时 (1) I saw bubbles rising from under the water. (2) The first electronic computers went into operation in 1945.  (3) Cargo insurance is to protect the trader from losses that many dangers may cause. (4) Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. 1.1 语法的需要（英汉差异） 1.1.2 英语的时态变化 (1) Before 15th century it was generally believed that the earth was the center of the universe. (2) The old man said, “They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.” 1.1 语法的需要（英汉差异） 1.1.3 增加量词 (1) To the east and the south a faint pink is spreading. (2) The sun rose thinly from the sea. (3) A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river. 1.2 语义的需要（意义表达） 1.2.1 抽象名词 (1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. (2) Due care must be taken to ensure that the pulse signal itself shall show no irregularities and no interruptions. 1.2.1 抽象名词 arrogance jealousy transition preparation tension backwardness oxidation correctness hostility 　 complexity madness remedy 1.2 语义的需要（意义表达） 1.2.2 分词短语、独立结构 Using a transformer, power at low voltage can be transformed into power at high voltage. 如果分词短语或独立分词结构含有时间、原因、条件、让步等状语意义，翻译时可增加“当……时”、“……之后”、“因为……”、“由于……”、“如果……”、“假若……”、“虽然……但……”等词。 1.2 语义的需要（意义表达） 1.2.3 不定式作目的或结果状语 We made transistors by different means only to get the same effect. 当动词不定式和不定式短语表示目的或结果状语时，通常就可在其前面加：“为了”，“要”，“以便”，“就”，“从而”，“结果”等词。 1.2 语义的需要（意义表达） 1.2.4 不定式的被动形式作定语 The cutting tool must be harder than the material to be cut. 当动词不定式的被动形式作定语时，通常表示按计划或要求表示的动作，含有“将来”的意思。翻译时要增加“要”，“将”，“待”，“应”，“须”等词。 1.2 语义的需要（意义表达） 1.2.5 被动语态句中的谓语 (1)All matter is known to possess weight. 。 (2)The plan is co