层次法及真题讲解.ppt

Regression Models of water use in the United States Thus, we have chosen 22 states as representation of fresh water use in each region, including Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. We obtained the state-level fresh water use data (1955-2005) from ESTIMATED USE OF WATER IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1955 (1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005) published by U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey as US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 398, 456, 556, 676, 765, 1001, 1004, 1200, 1268, 1344 3. Conservation, Efficiency, and Markets 3.1 Water Transfer Water use level High water use and low water storage leads to low water storage level. Consequently, Water problems mostly occur in states with low total water level. Modeling-- Min Spanning Tree (MST) 最短路径5308 From our grading result and Figure, we can infer that western US faces serious water challenge while the central US have surplus water storage. The Eastern states, though confronted with water shortage to some degree, are generally self-sufficient without large-scale water transfer. 1) North-eastern US (chiefly NEW HAMPSHIRE，MASSACHUSETTS, NEW YORK) 2 )South-eastern US（chiefly ALABAMA, GEORGIA, FLORIDA ） 3) Southern US(chiefly TEXAS(E) TEXAS(W)) What is worth noting is that Texas has distinct water storage in its eastern and western region and thus is able to redress the balance by itself. Transfer Cost The South-to-North water diversion in China provides an expedient example for our water transfer model. In a 50-year period, the Chinese pipeline , measuring 3884 kilometers , requires an investment of 486 billion RMB. 3884km≈2413.4477 miles Estimated cost per year Σ=(5308/2413.4477*4860 )/50=213.7761213.77617 billion RMB Water Desalination Price, Sites and Methods Water Price Rise of Domest