英语语法手册8.doc

2010年高考英语语法精要讲解 名词 ??? 1、在句子里使用名词应注意的问题 　　名词的数：单数、复数和不可数; 　　名词的格：通格和属格 (’s ) 　　名词的限定：特指、泛指、数量和习惯用法，即名词前加冠词或 　　其它限定词， 例如： some, many , this, my 等 　　2、名词的数和单位词 　　1)复型名词 + 复数动词 　　The trousers are too big for me. Please show me the smaller pair. 　　备用词： shoes, stockings, glasses, socks 　　NOTICE: A pair of glasses costs quite a lot. 　　2)复型名词 + 单数动词 　　A. The news on TV is seldom satisfying. 　　备用词：mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the United States 　　B. Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 　　备用词： five pounds, two feet, six weeks 　　3) 集合名词 + 复数名词 　　The police have surrounded the building. 　　Cattle are selling for record price (创记录). 　　备用词： the enemy, (the) people 　　NOTICE: 表示由若干人组成的集合体的单数词常可作复数用， 　　但若把这个集合体看作整体就用作单数: 　　My family are wonderful. They do all they can for me. 　　The family which now consists of four members at most is smaller than it used to be. 　　4)不可数名词作可数的情况 　　A. 部分不可数名词可以有下列情况 　　a (an) + adj. + n. 　　It looks like rain. a thirsty for knowledge(求知欲) 　　a heavy rain He has a good knowledge of politics. 　　备用词： snow, breakfast, wine, oil, education 　　B.口语特例(特定场合) 　　A (One) beer, please. 　　Two teas and four coffees, please. 　　5)既是可数又是不可数的名词 　　I broke a glass this morning. (杯子) 　　Glass is made from sand. (玻璃) 　　备用词： paper / a paper, light(光) / a light(灯); 　　ice(冰) / an ice (冰激凌), chicken(鸡肉) / a chicken (雏鸡) 　　6) 单位词 　　A.个数 　　a piece of information (furniture, advice…) 　　B. 以形状表示个数 　　a grain of rice, a flight of stairs 　　C. 容量 　　a box of matches, a cup of tea 　　D. 计量 　　a metre of cloth, a ton of coal 　　E.其它 　　a (new) set of tools (wires, teeth, rules) 　　3、名词的格： 　　1)’ s 的用法 　　A . 与时间有关的名词 　　a night’s sleep ten minutes’ walk 　　NOTICE: a two-hour walk = two hours’walk 　　B. 和else 连用 　　book can this be? 　　A. Who else’s 　　B. Whose else 　　C. Who’s else 　　D. Whose else’s 　　(A) 　　C. ‘s 修饰的词，如果前面提到，可省略 　　This is Jack’s book, not Tom’s. 　　This book is Jack’s not Tom’s. 　　D. 表示店、铺、家、诊所等， ‘s 后面的名词省略 　　at the Green’s (house), at the doctor’s (office) 　　2) OF 结构表示所有关系