有机化学的主要任务.ppt

About the teacher Name： 刘治国 E-mail Address： liuzg1964@163.com Tel. 教 材 《有机化学讲义》 自编 认真听讲 必要的笔记 不积累问题 习题，多练习 What is organic chemistry？ Organic chemistry is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon The compounds of carbon are central to life on this planet. Every living organism is made of organic compounds. Congsider what the world would be like if all the carbon and carbon compounds were removed suddenly. The result would somewhst like the barren surface of the moon Life if organic chemistry We live in an Age of Organic Chemistry Clothing: Materials Gasoline Rubber and plastic Farm chemistry Food Medicines Household chemistry Organic chemistry play an important role in pollution control Plastic: Organic chlorine compounds Pesticides: Organic chlorine compounds, Organic phosphate compounds Medicines: Organiv solvents and residues, Heavy metals like Hg, for example. Paints: Heavy metals, Pigments, Solvents. Gasoline, petroleum products………… More environment-friendly methods Natural insect attractants—instead pesticide Less reactive compounds organic refrigerants and aerosol propellant——instead Freon. Cars with more efficient combustion engines——reduce the massive amount of automobile pollutants and greenhouse effect. “3R” and Green Chemistry Reduce Reuse Recycle Chemistry laboratories conduct experiments——smaller and smaller scales Environments-friendly procedures Clearly， organic chemistry is associated with nearly every aspect of our existence. We would be wise to understand it as best we can. 20世纪下半叶，光谱法的建立对于有机化合物结构的测定起着十分重要的作用。 （左旋霉素，具有生理活性） （右旋霉素，无生理活性） 药物： 有机化学涉及大量天然物质和合成物质的独特的学科，这些物质直接关系到人类的衣、食、住、行。 有机化学涉及内容 组成人体器官的物质、供给人体营养的食物以及人体中发生的反应——实质上也是有机物质和有机反应。 构成动、植物结构组织的蛋白质和纤维素、水果和花的香气等也是有机化学的研究范围之内。 制造出无数在生活、健康和生产方面不可缺少的产品，对国民经济起着决定性作用。（石油化工，新型燃料，橡胶、塑料、涂料、化妆品、杀虫剂、农药、药品、合成材料等）。 生物化工、功能材料、生物科学与有机化学结合，形成新的产业部门。 有机化学成就： ①. 牛胰岛素的合成 1965年9月，人工合成牛胰岛素成功。这是世界上第一个合成的结晶蛋白质，具有生物活性（与天然胰岛素相同）。由中科院上海生化研究所，上海有机所，北京大学等单位协作