中学英语语法分类复习-句子成分详析.doc

二十五. 句子成分详析 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （一）主语：主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词(单数可数名词,复数可数名词,物质名词,抽象名词,专有名词),代词(人称代词,名词性物主代词,指示代词,不定代词和疑问代词,但相互代词和反身代词不作主语),数词(基数,序数,分数,小数,百分数), 定冠词加形容词(或现在分词,或过去分词,或姓氏复数),不定式(有或无逻辑主语，疑问词加不定式),动名词(有或无逻辑主语),从句等充当。 例如： A horse runs much faster than a cow. （单数可数名词）Trees usually turn green in spring.（复数可数名词） Wood burns easily in dry weather.（物质名词） During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（抽象名词） The Great Wall has a long history.（专有名词） We often speak English in class.（人称代词） Tom’s house is here, while mine is over there.（名词性物主代词） Those who will go home today please call me later.（指示代词） Something strange happened after he left.（不定代词） Who is there?（疑问代词） One thousand is a great number.（基数词） The first is the boy from Canada.（序数词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（分数） Five point three is the reading on the thermometer.（小数） Twenty-five percent of the students have arrived.（百分数） The rich should help the poor.（定冠词加形容词） The wounded are taken good care of at the hospital.（定冠词加过去分词） The living should accomplish the mission of the dead. （定冠词加现在分词） The Whites are leaving for UK tomorrow.（定冠词加姓氏复数） To swim in the river is a great pleasure. = It is a great pleasure o swim in the river. （不定式） It is hard for me to finish the task in such a short time.（带逻辑主语的不定式） What to do next is not clear.（疑问词加不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） His arriving late made the chairman very angry.（带逻辑主语的动名词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） （二）谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语动词可分为不及物动词,及物动词,短语动词(中学常见者有:动词+介词/副词,动词+名词+介词,动词+副词+介词,动词+介词+名词或动名词等)。 We often swim in the lake in summer. （不及物动词） We should take notes in class.（及物动词） If you have questions to ask, put up your hand.（短语动词） We take car