2017年高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题11 定语从句（含解析）.doc

专题11 定语从句 考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能辨别定语从句的结构；(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。 题型一 关系代词引导的定语从句 Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to ________ you are travelling. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句用法。从句中不缺主语和宾语，但空格前有介词，空格作介词的宾语，故应填which，不能换成that。 【提分秘籍】 引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。 1．who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year. 我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。 2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。 ①Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful? 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？ ②This is the house whose window broke last night.＝This is the house, the window of which broke last night.＝This is the house, of which the window broke last night. 这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。 3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 ①There used to be much shade of an old tree in the middle of the yard, which gave us much cool in summer. 过去，院子中央的一棵古树遮成的大片树荫使我们在夏季非常凉爽。 ②We hope the measures to control house prices, which are taken by the government，will succeed. 我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。 4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。 (1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 你给我的书我都已经读过了。 注意：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以。 There is something that/which keeps worrying me. 有一件事一直令我不安。 (2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the second, ...，the last修饰时。 This is the best film (that)I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 (3)先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。 The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 唯一一件要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。 (4)先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school. 他们谈论起他们记得的学校里的人和事。 5．在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。 (1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或