【创新设计】（江苏专用）2016-2017学年高中英语 Unit 1 Advertising Period Two Word Part Ⅱ Grammar课件 牛津译林版必修4.ppt

Period Two —— Part Ⅱ　Grammar 直接引语和间接引语 一、直接引语和间接引语的区别 直接引用别人的原话，放在引号内，称为直接引语(The Direct Speech)。间接地引述别人的话，称为间接引语(The Indirect Speech)。 He said，“I will realize my dream with my efforts.” 他说：“通过努力我将实现自己的梦想。” ＝He said that he would realize his dream with his efforts. 他说通过自己的努力，他将会实现自己的梦想。 语法精析 二、由直接引语变为间接引语时，通常发生以下几个方面的变化 1.句型的变化 (1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成了一个由that引导的宾语从句(that在口语中常省略)。 (2)直接引语是一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将它变成由whether 或if 引导的宾语从句，其主句谓语动词常用ask。 I asked her，“Will you go shopping with me？” ＝I asked her whether/if she would go shopping with me. 我问她是否愿意和我一起逛街。 (3)直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，就将它变成由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。 “When will you come to China？” I asked the foreigner. ＝I asked the foreigner when he would come to China. 我问这个外国人什么时候来中国。 (4)转换祈使句时，通常采用“动词＋sb.＋动词不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有ask，tell，warn，order等；转述否定祈使句时，在动词不定式前加not。 The manager said to him，“Don’t be late next time.” ＝The manager asked him not to be late the next time. 经理对他说下次不要迟到了。 (5)转述感叹句时，仍以原来的what 或 how 为引导词。 Ian said，“What fascinating scenery it is！” ＝Ian said what fascinating scenery it was. 伊恩说多么迷人的景色啊！ 2.人称代词的变化：口诀“一随主、二随宾、三不变” (1)一随主(把直接引语中第一人称变为与主句主语相一致的人称)。 Tom said，“I have finished watching the film.” ＝Tom said that he had finished watching the film. (2)二随宾(把直接引语中第二人称变为与主句宾语相一致的人称)。 Tom said to Kate，“You speak Chinese better than me.” ＝Tom told Kate that she spoke Chinese better than him. (3)三不变(直接引语中第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变)。 Tom asked Mike，“Does she often make foolish mistakes？” ＝Tom asked Mike if/whether she often made foolish mistakes. 3.时态的变化 (1)如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引语中的动词时态保持不变。 He says，“I live in London.” ＝He says that he lives in London. He says，“I have lived in London for years.” ＝He says that he has lived in London for years. (2)如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态作如下变化： 一般现在时——一般过去时 一般将来时——过去将来时 现在完成时——过去完成时 现在进行时——过去进行时 一般过去时——过去完成时 He said，“I live in London.” ＝He said that he lived in London. He said，“I will live in London next year.” ＝He said that he would live in London the next year. He said，“I have lived in