nonverbal comunicationnonverbal communicationnonverbal communicationnonverbal communication.ppt

Nonverbal Communication ------Body Behavior Body Movement: Kinesics (人体动作学) Posture Gestures Facial Expressions Eye Contact and Gaze Kinesics-------The study of how movement communicates In general, kinesic cues are those visible body shifts and movements that can send the following messages : our attitude toward the other person our emotional state our desire to control our environment the messages the body generates operate only in combination with other messages When all people use movement to communicate, culture teaches us how to use and interpret these movements. In the upcoming sections, we look at a few cultural differences in posture, sitting behavior, and movement of the body that convey specific meanings. Posture and sitting habits offer insight into a culture’s deep structure culture’s concern with status and rank. The manner in which we sit also can communicate a message Crossing legs（跷二郎腿） a U. S.: normal to cross legs while seated; women cross at the ankle and men cross with ankle on the knee. b Middle East: crossing the leg with ankle on the knee is inappropriate. c Ghana Turkey: extremely offensive. Thailand: the bottoms of the feet are the lowest part of the body, they should never be pointed in the direction of another person. e U. S. Britain: lean back in chairs and put feet on desk to convey a relaxed, informal attitude. f Middle East, Swiss and Germany: putting feet on desk is rude. thousands of cross-cultural examples prove that messages and meanings shift from culture to culture. The V sign Palm outward: victory (U. S. and many other countries). palm inward: A crude connotation (England and South Africa) The ear-tug（揪耳朵） It means as many as four different things in different Mediterranean countries. In Spain it means someone is a sponger(寄生虫), i.e. using other people’s money and never spending his own. In Greece it is a warning. In Malta（马耳他） it says someone is a sneak. In Italy it is u