维高斯基的认知发展论.ppt

維高斯基的認知發展論 兒童認知的發展 幣 須從他所經驗的歷史與文化的脈絡來瞭解 也就是說人類的行為是在社會文化中產生 在我們的認知活動中文化工具(cultural tools) 當任重要的媒介 Inter-psychological — intra-psychological (social interaction) ------ (inside of child) internalization how people------------- with help of instrument and signs ------------------direct their attention, organize, conscious memorization, and regulate their conduct. (receive) object -------tool (language, text, picture..) (perceive)------sing (self-regulate) external stage interact with others (interpschological) Low---------------------------------------high Internalized inside of child (intrapschologicla) Cultural tools--Physical psychological tools Lower-order thinking to higher-order thinking is a mediated process Low----------------------------------------------High Memorial---mediated by cultural tools ---reasoning, problem solving Vygotsky’s ZPD the zone of proximal development -- “it is the distance between the actual development level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers”-(Vygotsky, 1978, p. 86) Egocentric speech (they talk about what matter to them, without taking account the listeners’ needs and interests.--Piaget Private speech—using muttering to move children toward self-regulation, the ability to plan, to guide their thinking and problem solving. --Vygotsky Scaffolding Is to support for learning and problem solving. The support could be clues, reminders, encouragement, breaking the problem down into steps, providing an example, or anything else that allows the students to grow in independence as a learner. 艾瑞克森對人格和社會發展的看法A framework for understanding the needs of young p