物理学专业英语.ppt

教学基本要求 1、能顺利阅读物理学有关专业的原版教科书、参考书及其他参考资料，能掌握其中心大意，抓住主要事实和有关细节。 2、对其中重要的论著和文献等材料能正确理解、抓住要点，并对其内容进行分析、推理、判断和综合概括 3、阅读速度达到每分钟70词。能运用简洁的专业英语进行初步交流 4、能写作简单的专业语句，能正确无误地写作论文的英文摘要。 英语分类 公共英语 （Ordinary English、Common English、General English ） 专业英语 （Specialized English、Professional English、English for Special Science and Technology） 文学文体 She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about. 那妇人生着一副绵软多肉(软弱丰满)的体格，一张坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双落落大方的柔顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。 五十一个词的片断,就运用了十个形容词,占五分之一。and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress是非常优美生动的文学语言，译文保持了一风格。 新闻文体 MONTREAL-Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight, the first score launching a four-point first period out burst, to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss. [蒙特利尔电]在全国曲棍球联赛中克拉克约翰斯今晚初试锋芒，引起轰动。上半场领先四分，首开记录。克拉克发挥中坚作用，约翰逊市高帽队终以6:4击败蒙特利尔市小鸭队，创造了连胜八场未负一场的战绩。 这是属于应用文的新闻文体，其特点是简明扼要，短小精悍，结构紧凑，笔锋犀利。上述这则电讯只有一个句子，却把一场球赛描绘得淋漓尽致，富于吸引力。 科技文体 The range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig.2. The full-scale reading of the meter alone may be 15volts.With the multiplier 250volts may be required to move the pointer to full-scale, 135 volts across the multiplier and 15volts across the meter. 从上述的一段科技文章，不难看出其文体与修辞手段与前面列举的文艺小说，新闻报道等迥然不同。科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。 Dynamics is the study of forces and their effects on the motions of bodies. The cause of acceleration is a force exerted by some external agent or environment. The fundamental properties of force and the relationship between force and acceleration are given by Newton’s three laws of motion. The