第4讲船舶保安试题.ppt

船舶保安 海上保安风险 Maritime Terrorism US State Department: “Premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience” Rome Convention: Any person who “seizes or exercises control over a ship by force… performs an act of violence against a person on board… or destroys or seriously damages maritime navigation facilities” 国际恐怖主义组织 黎巴嫩真主党游击队、哈马斯运动、 解放巴勒斯坦人民阵线（The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine） 、埃及伊斯兰圣战组织、乌兹别克伊斯兰运动、真正爱尔兰共和军、菲律宾阿布沙耶夫（Abu Sayyang ）、斯里蘭卡的泰米爾猛虎游擊隊（ Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam）（LTTE）、印尼的亞齊自由運動敢死隊、 Al Qaeda等。 Increased threat Attacks on maritime assets: 1% Typology of maritime terrorism Hijacking and hostage taking Direct attack Use of ship as a weapon Use of ship as a vector Use of ship to close chokepoints Hijacking and Hostage Taking The Santa Maria (1961) The Vory (1974) The Achille Lauro (1985) The Penrider (2003) The Santa Maria (1961) Hijacked by Portuguese and Spanish rebels near Venezuela Hijackers eventually surrendered The Vory (1974) 3 members of Palestine Liberation Organization hijack Greek freighter Vory in Karachi, Pakistan Threaten to kill two hostages and blow up ship if Greece did not release two PLO Black September members sentenced to death for an attack on the Athens airport Resolution: Greece commuted death sentences to life imprisonment; three months later they were pardoned and deported to Libya The Achille Lauro (1985) Hijacked by members of the Palestinian Liberation Front US passenger Leon Klinghoffer killed Hijackers surrendered The Penrider (2003) Malaysian-registered oil tanker hijacked off coast of Malaysia; three crew members taken hostage Owners paid $100,000 for their release; money paid to Free Aceh Movement, an Islamic guerilla group operating in Indonesia Attacks on Ships The Lady Mediatrix (2000) The USS Cole (2000) The MV Silk Pride (2001) The Limburg (2002) The Lady Mediatr