第一讲俄国形式主义选读.ppt

The analysis of the structural laws of literature should lead to the setting up of a limited number of structural types and evolutionary laws governing those types. The discovery of the ‘immanent laws’ of a genre allows one to describe an evolutionary step, but not to explain why this step has been taken by literature and not another. Here the literary must be related to the relevant non-literary facts to find further laws, a ’system of systems’. But still the immanent laws of the individual work had to be enunciated first. western literary theory Another contemporary figure, Mikhail Bakhtin, was also influenced by if not directly linked with the Russian Formalists. His contributions to the notion of dialogism and the notion of voice in literary discourse emerged contemporaneously with considerations of sound and rhythmic elements in Formalist analyses. Russian Formalism contributed a number of things to literary theory, including western literary theory placing the study of the actual work at the centre of literary scholarship, rather than looking for authorial biographical links or sociolgical influences, which they considered as peripheral to the text. They problematised the idea of ‘literariness’, and usefully addressed the ‘form’ versus ‘content’ issue western literary theory They viewed literary history and the eveolution of literary genres as as an internal dynamic process. They contributed a wealth of analytical techniques to stylistic analysis, including sound patterns, metres and verse forms. They provided analytical techniques for characterising a range of discursive styles and different modes of story-telling. western literary theory Contents western literary theory 西方文论 western literary theory western literary theory western literary theory 语言学的三个见解直至今日仍扮演重要地位: 1. 语言普遍性(linguistic universals) 2. 语言形态(linguistic typology) 3. 显著性(markedness)。 Roman Jakobson（1896—1982） 1、文学研究的科学化的努力 The object of study in literary science is