36种中草药提取物对烟草赤星病菌的抑制作用.docVIP

36种中草药提取物对烟草赤星病菌的抑制作用 　　摘要： 对36种中草药分别进行微波法提取及水蒸气蒸馏法提取，以烟草赤星病菌（Alternaria alternate） 　　为供试菌种，采用菌丝生长速率法对其提取物进行抑菌作用研究。结果表明，两种方法的提取物对烟草赤星病菌基本都有抑制作用。其中，在微波法中，黄连和雄黄的提取物初步抑制作用最好，抑制率分别为91.15%和76.72%，桑寄生、甘草和白果在60%以上。在室内毒力测定研究中，黄连和雄黄的EC50分别为7.077 3 mg/mL和140.651 3 mg/mL。在水蒸气蒸馏法中，抑菌作用最强的是大黄、七叶一枝花和肉桂，抑制率均在60%以上，分别为69.93%、68.14%和63.07%。 　　关键词： 中草药； 提取物； 烟草赤星病菌（Alternaria alternate） 　　中图分类号：S432.4+4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）05-1159-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.05.018 　　The Inhibitory Effects Thirty-six Herbal Medicine Extracts against Alternaria alternate 　　YUAN Yuan1a，SANG Wei-jun1b，SHI Chun-fa1a，DIAO Zhao-qiang2，WANG De-feng1a，LIU Ning-guo1a，CUI Qing-cai1a 　　（1a.College of Agriculture；b.College of Tobacco，Guizhou University，Guiyang 550025，China； 　　2.Guiyang Prefecture Branch，Guizhou Tobacco Company，Guiyang 550001，China） 　　Abstract：36 kinds of herbs were respectively extracted with microwave and steam distillation， the inhibition of which was carried out by mycelial growth rate method with Alternaria alternate as the test object. The results showed that the extracts of the two methods had inhibitory effects on A.Alternate. The best preliminary inhibitory effects were rhizoma coptidis and realgar of the microwave method， their inhibition rate were 91.15% and 76.72% respectively， the mulberry parasitism， liquorice and gingko were above 60%. In the study of indoor toxicity measurement，EC50 of rhizoma coptidis and realgar were 7.077 3 mg/mL and 140.651 3 mg/mL. In the water vapour distillation， the strongest inhibitions were rhubarb， paris polyphylla and cinnamon， whose inhibition rate were over 60%，69.93%，68.14% and 63.07% respectively. 　　Key words： herbal extracts； Alternaria alternate； inhibitory effects 　　烟草赤星病的病原是链格孢菌[Alternaria alternate（Fries） Keissler]，该病主要发生在大田生长后期[1]，是危害中国烟草生产的一种重要真菌性病害[2，3]。贵州省主要烟区分布在兴义、威宁、六盘水、毕节、大方、遵义等地。烟草赤星病的流行对烟叶产量及质量产生严重影响，降低了烟叶商品的市场竞争力，常常给烟叶的生产带来巨大的经济损失。目前防治烟草赤星病的有效措施主要是化学防治，但是由于长时间使用化学合成农药，不仅破坏了生态环境，而且还增加了烟叶的农药残留毒性。