5个燕麦品种不同收获期产量及营养品质的综合评价.docVIP

5个燕麦品种不同收获期产量及营养品质的综合评价 　　摘要：选择坝燕4号、坝莜3号、白燕2号、坝莜1号及锋利5个燕麦（Avena sativa L.）品种，分别在抽穗期、灌浆期和乳熟期进行收获，测定产量及养分含量，并利用灰色系统理论进行综合分析。结果表明：随着生育期的延迟，干物质含量逐渐升高，差异显著（P0.05），乳熟期干物质产量比抽穗期和灌浆期提高46.18%、15.44%；除粗脂肪外，粗蛋白、粗灰分以及钙和磷含量均有所降低。锋利的鲜草和干草产量均最高，比其它品种分别高12.81%～34.61%和23.25%～43.04%，但其粗蛋白含量偏低；白燕2号在粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分及钙等营养指标上均排在前列，有一定优势。采用基于熵权赋权法的灰色系统理论对各时期的产量及品质进行综合评价，5个品种中表现最好的为白燕2号，其次为坝莜1号，坝燕4表现最差；3个收获时期中以抽穗期的表现最好。 　　关键词：燕麦；收获时期；营养品质；灰色关联度；综合评价 　　中图分类号：S512.6文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）09-0049-05 　　AbstractUsing 5 oat （Avena sativa L.） varieties， Bayan 4， Bayou 3， Baiyan 2， Bayou 1 and Fengli， as experimental materials， their yield and quality indexes were comprehensively analyzed by grey system theory in the earing stage， filling stage and milk stage. The results showed that， with the delay of growth period， the dry matter content increased， and the differences were significant （P0.05）. Compared with the earing stage and filling stage， the dry matter content in the milk stage increased by 46.18% and 15.44% respectively. The crude protein， crude ash， calcium and phosphorus contents in the milk stage were lower， while the tendency of crude fat content was an exception. The Fengli got lower crude protein content， but the highest fresh and dry matter content， which increased by 12.81%～34.61% and 23.25%～43.04%， respectively， compared to other cultivars. The Baiyan 2 got higher levels in crude protein， crude fat， crude ash and calcium content. Using the entropy weight-based gray systematic theory， the integrated evaluation was done on the yield and quality indexes. In conclusion， the optimal cultivar was Baiyan 2， followed by Bayou 1 and Bayan 4 performed the worst. Furthermore， the optimal yield and quality was achieved in the earing stage. 　　KeywordsOat（Avena sativa L.）；Harvest time； Nutritional quality； Gray relevancy； Integrated evaluation 　　燕麦（Avena sativa L.）作为一种品质优良的一年生、冷季型禾谷类作物，在食品加工和饲料生产中都发挥着重要的作用[1]。目前我国燕麦主要分布在华北、西北、西南地区，种植面积共约34.7×104 hm2[2]。全世界74%的燕麦用来饲喂家畜，燕麦茎叶多汁、柔嫩，适口性好，蛋白