‘金凯特’杏的组织培养与快繁.docVIP

‘金凯特’杏的组织培养与快繁 　　摘 要：为了建立杏新品种 ‘金凯特’（Prunus armeniaca Lam.）的组织培养快繁技术体系，以其当年生半木质化绿枝茎段为材料，研究了基本培养基、外源植物生长物质及蔗糖浓度对腋芽启动、试管苗继代增殖及生根的影响。结果表明，腋芽启动培养时，MS培养基较QL培养基更有利于腋芽的萌发生长，在添加1.0 mg/L BA和0.2 mg/L IBA的MS培养基上，腋芽萌发率达85.8%。试管苗的继代增殖培养基以WPM最佳，其次为MS，QL最差。生根培养基以MS最有效，1/2MS和1/2QL均不能诱导根的产生；蔗糖浓度20 g/L比30 g/L显著提高了生根率；最佳生根培养基为MS + 2 mg/L IBA + 20 g/L蔗糖，生根率为93.2%，平均每株生根数为2.5。 　　关键词：金凯特杏；组织培养与快繁；腋芽启动；增殖；生根诱导 　　中图分类号：S662.204+.3文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）12-0025-04 　　Abstract In order to establish the technological system of tissue culture and rapid proliferation of apricot new variety ‘Jinkaite’ （Prunus armeniaca Lam.）， the current half-lignified branches were selected as materials to study the effects of basal media， plant growth regulators and sucrose concentrations on axillary bud initiation， in vitro shoots proliferation and rooting were examined. The results showed that the basal medium MS was more effective than QL for axillary bud initiation and growth. The highest germination rate of axillary bud was obtained on the MS with 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L IBA， which reached 85.8%. For proliferation， the basal medium WPM was the best followed by MS， and QL was the poorest. For rooting， MS was the most effective， and 1/2MS and 1/2QL failed to induce rooting. The concentration of sucrose as 20 g/L significantly improved the rooting rate compared to 30 g/L. The optimal rooting medium was MS + 2 mg/L IBA + 20 g/L sucrose with the rooting rate as 93.2%， and the average root number per plantlet was 2.5. 　　Keywords ‘Jinkaite’ Apricot； Tissue culture and rapid proliferation； Axillary bud initiation； Proliferation； Root induction 　　杏（Prunus armeniaca Lam.）果实含有丰富的蛋白质、矿物质元素、维生素和氨基酸，是一种营养价值较高的水果，深受人们喜爱。但大多数杏栽培品种经常受到由细菌、真菌及病毒等引起的病害威胁[1-4]。病毒病会造成果树生长势衰弱，产量降低，果实品质下降，严重时会导致树体枯死[5]。培育无病毒（严格说应是无特种病毒）种苗是防治病毒病害的最有效措施。无病毒种苗的生产与保存，是现代果业生产优质苗木的基础。组织培养方法脱除果树病毒已在国内外得到了广泛应用[5]。因此，以无性繁殖方式进行果树种苗繁育，成功建立其组织培养快繁技术体系，是进行良种苗木脱毒研究及无病毒苗木培育的基础，也是实现良种苗木快繁及无病毒苗工厂化育苗的基础。杏树组培快繁技术体系的建立，对优特异种质资源的离体保存及利用现代生物技术育种方法改良品种都具